Logopedic Correction to Eliminate Phonetic-Phonematic Speech Underdevelopment in Students of Grades 1-2 In General Education Schools

Аннотация

This article is an overview of modern methods of speech therapists working with primary school students with phonetic-phonemic disorders. The main causes of such disorders, their impact on learning and social adaptation of children are considered. Various approaches to diagnostics and correction of phonetic- phonemic disorders are analyzed, including complex speech development programs, work with pronunciation of sounds, articulatory gymnastics and other methods. Important aspects of interaction between speech therapists, teachers and parents in the process of overcoming violations by students are also discussed. Attention is drawn to the need for an individual approach to each student and the use of modern educational technologies for effective work with phonetic-phonemic disorders of primary school students. Keywords: Phonetic-phonemic disorders, articulatory gymnastics, individual lessons, correction, complex approach. Introduction: Phonetic and phonemic disorders are among the most common speech problems in schoolchildren. They can significantly complicate both the educational process and the social adaptation of children in the school environment. In order to increase the effectiveness of correctional work, it is important for speech therapists and teachers to understand the European International Journal of Pedagogics 11 https://eipublication.com/index.php/eijp European International Journal of Pedagogics causes of these disorders. development of correct speech in children. The work of a speech therapist is especially important Thus, the causes of phonetic and phonemic disorders in in elementary school. One of his main tasks is to schoolchildren can be varied and multifactorial. identify and eliminate violations of the sound side of Understanding these causes is important for proper speech in students in the first and second grades. diagnosis and correctional work with children. It is necessary to take into account all aspects of the child's Phonetic and phonemic disorders are associated with development in order to help him overcome possible a violation of sound pronunciation and speech difficulties in the field of speech development. perception. These problems can manifest themselves in the form of substitution, distortion, omission or To work with students with phonetic and phonemic rearrangement of sounds in words, which makes it disorders, the speech therapist must use a difficult for others to pronounce and understand comprehensive approach, including diagnosis, speech correctly. correction and prevention of these disorders. It is important to conduct an initial diagnosis to determine A significant factor contributing to the development of the level of disorders, their nature and causes. It is also such disorders is heredity. If the parents had speech necessary to identify the individual characteristics of difficulties or problems with pronunciation, there is a each student, since the approach to correction must be high probability that the child will inherit these individual. features. Genetic predisposition can affect the formation of speech organs and auditory perception. Correctional classes with a speech therapist should However, it is important to understand that heredity is include a variety of exercises aimed at developing not the only factor influencing the development of phonemic hearing, conducting articulatory gymnastics, phonetic-phonemic disorders. Environmental setting and automating the correct pronunciation of conditions, features of the educational process and sounds, as well as forming the correct syllabic and verbal individual characteristics of the child are also of great structure of speech in children. importance. Thus, incorrect formation of An important aspect of speech therapy work is pronunciation skills or insufficient practice can cooperation with the class teacher and parents of aggravate existing difficulties and contribute to their students. Such interaction allows creating favorable consolidation. conditions for the correction of speech disorders not Effective correction of such disorders requires a only in the school environment, but also at home. In comprehensive and individual approach to each child. addition, it is useful for a speech therapist to interact In addition to taking into account hereditary and with teachers from other educational organizations to genetic factors, it is necessary to pay attention to exchange experiences and improve the effectiveness of teaching correct pronunciation, provide regular speech the methods used. practice and create a favorable educational and Thus, speech therapy work to identify and eliminate psychological atmosphere. Only a combination of pronunciation disorders in primary school students these elements will allow achieving sustainable plays a significant role in the formation of speech positive results and overcoming difficulties in culture and successful communication of children. Such pronunciation. activities shou