Specific Features of Organizing Practical Training in Ecology and Environmental Protection in Higher Educational Institutions

Аннотация

The article presents the results of an experiment conducted to improve the technology of organizing practical classes on the subject "Ecology and Environmental Protection" in higher educational institutions. Keywords: Population, humidity, hydrophilic, hydatophyte, hydrophyte, hygrophyte, mesophyte, xerophyte. Introduction: In our country, great attention is paid to bringing higher pedagogical education to a new qualitative level, developing an innovative system for training future teachers, and improving the methodological support for teaching natural sciences based on advanced foreign experiences. The Concept for the Development of the Higher Education System until 2030 sets “Accelerating the processes of studying and applying advanced foreign experiences in improving the quality of education and improving teaching methods” [1] as a priority task. This requires the development of innovative forms, methods and means of education in teaching the Ecology and Environmental Protection course, improving the practical training of future biology teachers through the use of new pedagogical and information and communication technologies, and developing a system of practical tasks aimed at assessing the subject-specific competencies of environmental education. Main part Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals 12 https://eipublication.com/index.php/jsshrf 9 Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research Fundamentals Practical classes in ecology and environmental development of mechanical tissue, the presence of air protection are included in the curriculum of the biology spaces in cells, and weak development of the root specialty and are of great importance in forming the system. ecological culture of future specialists, general Mesophytes include most cultivated and wild plants. education schools, and specialized vocational colleges. The root system of mesophytic plants is usually well Practical classes help students and pupils consolidate developed, the leaves are often large, flat, soft, fleshy, theoretical knowledge, form and further develop moderately developed tissues, and the leaves are often practical skills and qualifications. hairless. Below we give an example of our experiences in Xerophytes include plants widespread in steppe, desert, improving practical classes on the example of one and semi-desert regions. They, in turn, are divided into topic. Each class begins with brief theoretical two groups: sclerophytes and succulents. Sclerophytes information. Also, materials and equipment, the are drought-resistant, perennial, rough, often with procedure for performing the work, and tasks are reduced leaves and spines, a thick cuticle layer, and presented. well-developed mechanical tissue. These include saxaul, Subject of the practical class: Morphological yantoq, chalov, wormwood, betaga, etc. Species differences between plants growing in water and on growing in the sandy deserts of Central Asia can reduce land. the total amount of water in their body by up to 50%. The root system is diverse (up to 30 meters in the Purpose of the work. To study the morphological yantoq), the stems are woody. Some species adapt to structure of plants growing in water and on land and to adverse conditions by undergoing a summer dormancy determine the differences between them. period. Succulents are perennial plants with a watery, Materials and equipment. Tables depicting various fleshy body. They can store water in their leaves and communities, herbariums of plants specific to each stems. For example: a cactus can store up to 1-3 tons of community, plant samples, magnifying glass, water. Signs of adaptation: leaves and stems are usually notebook, pencil, ruler. hairless, the cuticle and wax layers are thick, the root Theoretical material. The moisture factor is of great system is located on the surface of the soil. importance in the distribution of all organisms on Procedure for performing work Earth. Lack of moisture is one of the most important The morphological characteristics of the leaves of features of life on land. Xerophilous plants and animals herbarium specimens grown in different environmental form an ecological group in arid environments. conditions are studied using a magnifying glass. The Mesophiles live in moderate humidity, and hydrophilic length, width, and thickness of the leaf are measured organisms live in excess humidity. using a ruler. The degree to which the plant leaves have All plants are divided into 5 ecological groups according hairs, i.e., hairless or sparsely hairy, is recorded. to their water supply or adaptation to humidity Assignments conditions: hydatophytes, hydrophytes, hygrophytes, mesophytes, xerophytes. Task 1. Distinguish hydrophyte, mesophyte and xerophyte plants from herbariums according to their Hydatophytes - this group of organisms that spend morphological characteristics. their lives constantly in water, mainly algae. Task 2. Study the morphological charact