National Literary Tradition In Uzbek Novel Writing (On The Example Of Abdulla Qodiriy’s Novel “O‘Tkan Kunlar” / “Days Gone By”)

Аннотация

This article is dedicated to studying the of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License. innovative literary contributions of Abdulla Qodiriy, who laid the foundation for Uzbek national novel-writing, through an exploration of folk oral traditions and the epic conventions of Alisher Navoi's Khamsa. The depiction of characters in Qodiriy’s works reflects the achievements of 20th-century Uzbek literature, which, in essence, stem from the rich artistic experience embedded in folk oral creativity. The novel genre in Uzbek literature emerged by creatively adapting and utilizing these epic descriptive traditions. Qodiriy’s novels also originated in this way. The reality portrayed in O‘tkan kunlar (Days Gone By) reflects a significant period in Uzbek history—namely, the collapse and crisis of the khanates. Hence, the creation of this novel was supported by the artistic tools of both oral and written literary traditions. The article clarifies the significance of Qodiriy’s literary experiments in establishing national artistic thought within Uzbek novel-writing. Keywords: Tradition, literary tradition, epic tradition, literary influence, romanticism, realistic style, fantastic depiction, creative style. Introduction: Masterpieces of literature and art emerge at specific stages of societal development, often thanks to the works of classical writers, reflecting the multifaceted aspects of their times. However, even as societies decline or enter new historical periods, genuine works of art do not lose their value; rather, they continue to live on, serving as a source of spiritual European International Journal of Philological Sciences 32 https://eipublication.com/index.php/eijps European International Journal of Philological Sciences wealth and aesthetic education for future generations. literature are the works included in Alisher Navoi’s Khamsa. The emergence of realism is linked to the In the process of representing real life, literature and excellent prose work Baburnama, as well as the literary art constantly enrich and refine their methods, forms, legacies of Muqimi, Furqat, Zavqi, and undoubtedly and techniques of depiction. Accordingly, the concept Fitrat, Cholpon, Qodiriy, and Hamza. Collectively, these of literary tradition refers to the accumulation of literary efforts created a fertile environment for the rise advanced literary experiences that have passed from of the Uzbek novel. generation to generation, born of societal needs. In essence, tradition is a vast treasure trove of various It is well known that Uzbek written literature boasts gems. From this trove, each individual can take what nearly a thousand years of history. Alisher Navoi’s work they need: mastery in plot construction, creating vivid represents the culmination of this long historical period characters, depicting the inner world of heroes, and so and the pinnacle of literary development. His many on. In this way, the use of tradition becomes, to a works, especially the epic poems in Khamsa, attract certain extent, an artistic study. Every artist who attention as the synthesis, development, and courageously and realistically portrays objective reality refinement of earlier literary traditions and aspirations. and senses modernity will undoubtedly continue the In the past, when there were no novels in Uzbek traditions of their predecessors with dignity. Writers literature, the epic works included in Khamsa essentially often master artistic skills by following their literary fulfilled the function of a novel. Given that Navoi’s mentors and studying their rich experiences. creative style is rooted in romanticism, and that romanticism preceded the emergence of realism in Respectful yet critical views on mentors are even more Uzbek literature, it becomes clear that, in a way, Navoi’s clearly reflected in Alisher Navoi’s Khamsa. Not a single poetic epics served as the equivalent of novels in verse poem in Khamsa exists in which Navoi does not [4, 50–51]. mention the blessed names of Nizami Ganjavi, Khusraw Dehlavi, Ashraf, or Abdurahman Jami, While analyzing the poem Farhod and Shirin, N. Mallaev offering them praise while also pointing out certain emphasizes that Farhod has reached the level of a flaws. “perfect epic character” and justly notes: “As a result, the work resembles a poetic novel” [3,443]. Navoi treated the intellectual and literary treasures created across Greece, India, China, the Arab world, It is natural for every literary work to draw nourishment Iran, and beyond with great reverence. He thoroughly from both oral and written literary traditions. In this studied the works of luminaries such as Firdawsi, sense, when discussing the literary connections Ganjavi, Dehlavi, Jami, and Lutfi, and drew creative between Alisher Navoi and Abdulla Qodiriy, the nature inspiration from them. In his treatise Muhokamat al- and path of this creative influence become apparent. lughatayn, Navoi recounts how extensively he read the Through inspira