Similarities and Differences Between the Terminal and The Terminal Absolute

Аннотация

This article focuses on the analysis of two important syntactic components in Arabic grammar — maf‘ul bihi (direct object) and maf‘ul mutlaq (absolute object). It begins by explaining the lexical and terminological definitions of both types, their syntactic roles in a sentence, and their function in enhancing meaning. Maf‘ul bihi refers to the noun that directly receives the action of the verb, acting as its immediate object. In contrast, maf‘ul mutlaq is derived from the same root as the verb and serves to emphasize, explain, or quantify the action itself. The article outlines their similarities, such as both appearing in the accusative case (nasb), having a direct grammatical link to the verb, and contributing to the clarity of the sentence. However, key differences are also thoroughly discussed: maf‘ul bihi typically refers to an external object, while maf‘ul mutlaq is often a verbal noun (masdar) derived from the verb itself. The article includes examples of both usages, highlights their practical roles in communication, and provides guidance for language learners and educators on how to approach them in teaching and translation. Written in an analytical style, the article serves as a valuable resource for Arabic language learners, translators, and linguists, offering both theoretical insights and practical knowledge necessary for deep syntactic understanding and interpretation of Arabic texts.