ENSURING THE STABLE OPERATION OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT AND ITS FACILITIES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

Аннотация

This article examines the issue of natural emergency situations that affect sectors of the national economy and cause significant material damage. It discusses dangerous natural phenomena and catastrophes, which are an inevitable part of our lives. Some of these are caused by human economic activities. The article considers the risks associated with dangerous natural phenomena and the potential emergencies they can trigger, which in some cases can be mitigated through preventive measures such as constructing protective structures and special means to safeguard people andnature, taking socio-economicfactors into account. Key words:Geological hazards, earthquakes, human casualties, landslides, rockslides, floods, flash floods, mudflows, torrential debris flows, heavy rainfall. Anotation:This article addresses the issue of natural emergencies. Affecting the sectors of the economy causing great material damage. The article considers the issue of natural hazards and catastrophes - which is an inevitable attribute of our lives. Some of them are caused by human activities. The issue of the risk of natural hazards and related potential emergencies (ES) is considered, in some cases it can be reduced as a result of such preventive measures as the creation ofstructures and special means of protecting people and nature, taking into account their socio-economic aspects Key words:Geological hazards, earthquakes, human casualties, landslides, mountain landslides, floods, floods andmudflows, stormy mudor mud-stonestream, heavy rainfall, rains. Natural emergencies include: 1.Geological hazardous events: а) Earthquakes: resulting in human casualties; destruction to varying degrees of industrial and administrative buildings, technological equipment, power supply systems, transport communications and infrastructure, social facilities and residential houses; and disruption of production processes and people’s livelihoods. Safety measures duringearthquakes: •In earthquakes itis forbidden touse elevators or light matches. • If you feel tremors, you should quickly leave the building and stay away from walls, fences, andpoles. 79 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS ISSN:3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293 Volume 11,issue2,May 2025 https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR worldly knowledge Index: googlescholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo,open aire. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X •Do not re-enter buildings, as aftershocks may occur. • On the second and higher floors, stand in an entrance or balcony doorway, move away from windows, and takea positionin thecornerformed bytheload-bearing walls. Landslides and rockslides: events that have led or may lead to loss of life and require temporary evacuationfrom dangerous zones orrelocation ofpeople tosafe areas. Landslide definition: a landslide is the sliding movement of a mass of rock down a slope under the influence of gravity. They occur when a slope’s equilibrium is disturbed, most often along riverbanks and reservoirs. The main cause is saturation of clay soils by groundwater to a plastic and viscous state, resulting in massive soil sliding down the slope together with any buildings and structures onit. Safety measures duringlandslides: •Monitorthesituation, including animal behaviorand rainfall. •At thefirst signs of alandslide, quickly evacuate people, animals, and valuables. • During a landslide, do not enter buildings or approach structures; stay away from the area of soilmovement. Figure 1.Landslidecausing significant material damage. 2.Hydrometeorological hazardousevents: а) Floods, high waters and mudflows: causing loss of life; inundation of settlements and individual industrial or agricultural facilities; destruction of infrastructure and transport communications; disruption of production processes and people’s livelihoods; and requiring emergency evacuation. Flood definition: significant inundation of land resulting from rising water levels in rivers, lakes, or reservoirs due to heavy concentrated inflows from snow and glacier melt, prolonged intense rainfall, ice jams, or dam failures. There is also inundation when water penetrates basements ofbuildings through thesewage system orvarious channels and trenches [1]. Causes offloods include: 80 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS ISSN:3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293 Volume 11,issue2,May 2025 https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR worldly knowledge Index: googlescholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo,open aire. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X •Heavy precipitation and rain; •Rapidsnowmelt; •Formation ofice jams (ice floes in spring) orsnow jams(loose snow,ice –inautumn); •Failure ofhy