SPEECH AND ITS PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS

Аннотация

В статье подробно анализируются возникновение речи, физиологические основы речи, психологическая характеристика типов речи, вербальных и невербальных формречи. Ключевые слова: речь, стереотип, физиогномика, жесты, невербальное, вербальное, мим,пантомима,монолог,диалог. Speech is the main means of communication of people. Without speech, a person cannot receive and transmit a large amount of information. Without written speech, a person would be deprived of the opportunity to know how people of previous generations lived, their thoughts and deeds. He would not have the opportunity to convey his thoughts and feelings to others. Thanks to speech as a means of communication, a person's personal consciousness is not limited to his personal experience, but is enriched by the experience of other people, and more direct knowledge is achieved than in other processes other than observation and speech. is carried out through intuition: it allows for perception, attention, imagination, memory and thinking. Through speech, the psychology and experience of a person become available to other people, enriching them, contributing to their development. Before the emergence of speech, humanityused gestures. The speech and speech activity of our ancient ancestors performed the same function in modern people as they do in modern people. In those times, due to the limited scope of information and data, peoplesuccessfully used non-verbal speech for many periods. If we consider the problem of when speech appeared in humans, we can single out a number of points that significantly influenced the emergence of this mental phenomenon in humans. The starting point here is work, or rather, a joint form of activity, as a result of which an urgent need for communication arises. In phylogenesis, speech initially acted only as a means of direct communication between people, a means of instantaneous exchange of information between them. This assumption is confirmed by the fact that many animals have developed means of communication. For example, in chimpanzees we find relatively highly developed speech, which in some ways resembles a person. However, chimpanzee speech expresses only the page1672 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai organic needs of animals and their subjective states. This is a system of emotional-expressive expressions, but never a symbol or sign of something outside the animal. The language of animals does not contain the meanings that human speech is rich in, and even more so. In various forms of gestural and pantomimic communication of chimpanzees, emotional and expressive movements are in the first place, although they are very bright, rich in shapes and shades. If in the Uzbek nation a thought is expressed by nodding forward, then in the Bulgarians the same meaning is conveyed by shaking the head. In one nation, counting begins with a nod, inanother with asneer, in one withfingers bent, in theother itis not done. Based on ethnic stereotypes, a silent, but meaningful, meaningful type of movement expressed in the transmission and reception of certain experiences, certain information in the process of interpersonal communication iscalled gestural speech. Mimicry is a type of nonverbal speech that is manifested in interpersonal communication through facial expressions (physiognomy), responses to the thoughts of others, and changes in thecolorof bodyparts. Nonverbal speech can be conditionally divided into the following types: 1) soundless: a) gesture, b) mimicry d) pantomime, e) dactylolog; 2) sound: a) exological (echo), b) signification(conditional signs, signals, models). Oral speech is one of the types of speech that emerged after the nonverbal category and conditionally includes the following speech forms: monological, dialogical, polylogical, external, internal, expressive, impressive, laconic (cry, drop), affective (feeling, anger). There are two types of speech: dialogical and monological, each of which has its own characteristics. The dialogical form of speech (a conversation between two or more people, questions and their answers) is an incomplete (short) answer. The main features of dialogic speech are incomplete, consisting of exclamatory words, clear intonation expressiveness (expression), gestures, etc. In dialogic speech, it is very important to be able to formulate and ask questions, give an answer relevant to the question heard, express the necessary objection, correct and supplement the interlocutor's answer, discuss and criticize, justify one's opinion, etc. Monologue speech is the speech of one person and requires a broad, clear, complete, connected thought from the speaker. Monologue narrative explanation requires the speaker to focus his or herthoughts onthemain thing, to speak vividly, figuratively, with emotion. 1.Tikheyeva, A. Sh. Usova, A