EDUCATIONAL ISSUES OF THE FORMATION OF HUMAN SPIRITUALITY

Аннотация

В данной статье проводится философско-исторический анализ роли просветительских подходов в формировании духовной культуры личности. А также, в ней рассматриваются особенности просветительской мысли на примере уделения особого внимания джадидскому движению в Туркестане, как уникальной ценности национального просветительства и некоторые вопросы воздействия правового, нравственного,религиозного икультурного наобщественноеразвитие. Ключевые слова: культура личности, духовность, просвещение, джадидизм, нравственные ценности, правосознание, историческое мышление, просветительские организации, развитие общества, гражданская позиция, социальное сознание, информационно-просветительская среда. Historical experience shows that every awakening, intellectual upsurge, or national revival movement has its roots in spiritual and educational processes. If in the West this process was known as the "age of enlightenment," then in the East, in particular in Central Asia, this situation manifested itself in the form of religious-secular awakening and cultural upswings. This is evidenced by the profound enlightenment ideas of such thinkers as Imam Bukhari and at-Termizi, Beruni and Ibn Sina, Mirzo Ulugbek and Behbudi, which have taken root in the pages of ournational history. In the years of independence, the elevation of the ideas of spiritual and educational development to the level of state policy has become a serious impetus for systematic work aimed at increasing legal awareness and social responsibilityin society, forming a civicposition through national pride and self-awareness. In particular, the principle "New Uzbekistan - a spiritualized society," put forward byPresident Shavkat Mirziyoyev, serves as evidence of this. The concepts of enlightenment, spirituality, and culture are directly related to the spiritual life of society, and enlightenment (from the Arabic "bilish," "bilim," "ma'lumot," "tanish," "tanishish") is a concept that represents knowledge, information, and the system of education and upbringing about nature, society, and human essence. In a narrow sense, enlightenment refers to a knowledgeable, educated, and spiritual person. In a broad sense, education and page1556 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai upbringing aimed at improving the knowledge and culture of the people are also considered enlightenment. This word is also used in the sense of knowledge and wisdom. The concept of enlightenment encompasses all types and spheres of disseminating and enhancing knowledge andculture"[1]. As is known, human history testifies to the impossibility of building a free, prosperous, and just society in a state where scientific issues are not developed. Similarly, modern society also has itsown spiritual needs, among which theneed for knowledge occupies a leading place. After all, a person who is physically and spiritually healthy constantly strives for enlightenment and knowledge, as well as for their own place in society. Abdulla Avloni, a leading representative of our national enlightenment movement, said: "The benefit of knowledge is such that it is impossible to do justice with what is described. It saves us from the darkness of ignorance, drives us to the world of culture and enlightenment, prevents us from bad habits and evil deeds, and makes us possessors of good character and manners..."[2] and this attitude is clearly striking. By the 14 th-16 th centuries, when European countries were suffering greatly under the oppressive monopoly of the church, the idea of "humanism" began to spread its roots in social life. This phenomenon occurred in parallel with the "Renaissance" in Europe. The obligations and restrictions imposed by the Church prevented people from fully enjoying life and living as true human beings. The widespread dissemination of humanistic ideas in Europe led to the removal of science from a narrow circle under the influence of the church and its widespread dissemination. The idea of spreading knowledge and enlightenment, characteristic of Western civilization, reached its peak in the "Enlightenment" period, which took shape in the 18th century. From a historical point of view, this period emerged as a synthesis of ideas and actions based on the struggle against the prevailing situation of ignorance and illiteracy[3].. In theWest, this period is characterized by the predominance of such principles as freedom of thought, the recognition ofreason as an absolute value, methods based ondoubt and experience in cognition, andthereorganizationof society based onhuman freedom ofthought[4].. Enlighteners who promoted the idea of personality formation focused their main attention on the issue of the presence of intellect, spiritual and physical strength in a person. The European Enlightenment thinkers, who believed that people are equal to the wo