CULTURAL LIFE DURING SHAHRUKH MIRZO'S REIGN

Аннотация

В этой статье освещается деятельность тимуридского правителя Шахруха Мирзы как покровителя науки и культуры. Ключевые слова: Гератская школа, Абдураззак Самарканди, Давлатшах Самарканди, библиотека, Шейх уль-Ислам аль-Джазари, “Шархи Рисала”. Annotation: This article highlights the activities of the Timurid ruler Shahrukh Mirza as a patron of science and culture. Key words: Herat school, Abdurazzaq Samarkandi, Davlatshah Samarkandi, library, Sheikh ul-Islam al-Jazari, “Sharh-i Risala”. Shahrukh Mirzo (1405-1447) left a deep imprint on history as a prominent figure of the Timurid dynasty, a skilled statesman, and a patron of culture. His reign marked not only the pinnacle of the Timurid Empire's political and military might but also a highly advanced stage of development in science, literature, art, and architecture. Shahrukh Mirzo was an enlightened ruler who placed great importance on science and culture. Renowned scholars, poets, and artists worked in his court. He patronized the most progressive intellectuals of his time, creating extensive opportunities for their creative and scientific endeavors. Shahrukh's patronage played a crucial role in the advancement of astronomy, mathematics, medicine, philosophy, and other fields of science. During the Timurid era, the cities of Samarkand and Herat became centers of science and culture. These achievements were the result of the rulers' consistent policy aimed at developing knowledge and enlightenment. Amir Timur also treated scholars with special respect. In every country he conquered, he sought out local scholars and invited them to Samarkand. He had mosques, 47 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference madrasas, and libraries built for them. Sahibkiran himself was a man of great intellect and actively participated in scholarly debates and discussions with scientists[1:9]. During his reign, Shahrukh Mirzo treated scholars and artisans with the same respect as his father had, bringing scholars from various regions to Herat. He extensively studied various scientific subjects and consistently supported scholars, writers, poets, and artists. During Shahrukh Mirzo's rule, the libraries of Herat were enriched with valuable scientific works. The city stood out for its abundance of libraries containing rare and precious manuscripts. Shahrukh Mirza was a ruler who paid great attention to science, especially religious and historical knowledge. The famous historian Abdurrazzaq Samarqandi, who served in his court, described Shahrukh as the “ewcomer of the century”, emphasizing that he studied many works on hadith, fiqh, and history[2:40]. During the Timurid era, Turkic literature developed rapidly. However, information about the poets who lived and worked during this period is limited. Nevertheless, one of the most famous poets was Amir Haji Sayfiddin Nukuz, known by the pen name Sayfi. He served in government during the reigns of Amir Timur and Shahrukh Mirza and composed works in both Persian and Turkic. Davlatshah Samarkandi mentions him as a Turkic poet in his works[3:33]. From this perspective, the emergence of poets like Sakkokiy and Sayyid Ahmad Mirzo who created works in the Turkic language, and the fact that works such as “Merojnoma”, “Qutadug'i bilig”, “Tazkirat ul-avliyo” and “Hibbat ul-haqoyiq” which are among the finest examples of Turkic literature, were written in Uyghur script, demonstrates the importance attached to science and the Turkic language at the court. Additionally, during the reign of Shahrukh Mirza, Baysunghur Mirza contributed to scientific activity by transforming his palace in Bagh-i-Safid into a library[4:251]. In the first half of the 15th century, the fine arts, particularly miniature painting, flourished in the city of Herat. The Herat school, which developed during this period, became one of the most advanced artistic styles in the Islamic world. Notably, in the 1420s-1430s, a large workshop dedicated to the art of bookmaking - a library - was established in the palace of Shahrukh Mirzo. This library evolved into a center for the production of manuscript books, where painters, calligraphers, engravers, muzahhibs (book illuminators), and other skilled artisans gathered[5]. Shahrukh Mirzo was devoted to religion and Sharia. He supported pious scholars, renovated mosques and pilgrimage sites, and revitalized religious life. 48 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference Under his rule, the Mongol laws known as Yasa were abolished, and Islamic law was implemented in their place. This reform was continued by subsequent Timurids, including Abu Said and Husayn Bayqara. Thanks to the scientific and spiritual environment created by Shahrukh Mirza, the most knowledgeable scholars and scientists of his time gathered around the palace. Among them, the prominent religious figure Sheikh ul-Islam al-Jazari holds a special place. He was known for his deep knowledge in the field of