FEATURES OF CHANGES IN THE HEMOGRAM FROM INTRAUTERINE INFECTION IN NEWBORNS

Аннотация

Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn is a condition in which the fetus's red blood cells are destroyed due to blood group incompatibility, primarily involving the Rh or ABO blood groups. Rh incompatibility usually affects subsequent pregnancies because maternal sensitization occurs during the first pregnancy, leading to more serious complications such as intrauterine hydrops fetalis in subsequent pregnancies. Keywords: Ureaplasma urealyticum, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intrauterine infection, prematurity metabolic bone disease, preterm infants, retinopathy of prematurity. neonate sepsis. Аннотация: Гемолитическая болезнь плода и новорожденного — это состояние, при котором эритроциты плода разрушаются из-за несовместимости групп крови, в первую очередь по резус-фактору или группам крови ABO. Резус-несовместимость обычно влияет на последующие беременности, поскольку сенсибилизация матери происходит во время первой беременности, что приводит к более серьезным осложнениям, таким как внутриматочная водянка плода при последующих беременностях. Ключевые слова: Бронхолегочная дисплазия, внутриутробная инфекция, метаболическое заболевание костей у недоношенных, недоношенные дети, ретинопатия недоношенных, сепсис новорожденных. Introduction: Anti-D immune globulin prevents sensitization of women with a Rh-negative blood type. Since its introduction, a significant decline of 80% to 90% in the incidence of Rh-hemolytic disease has been observed, along with a two-thirds decline in the mortality rate in nationwide surveillance. Administration of anti-D immune globulin to Rh-negative mothers at the time of antigen exposure, eg, the birth of an Rh-positive child, blocks the primary immune response to the foreign cells. Therefore, maternal antibodies to Rh-positive cells are not produced in subsequent pregnancies, and hemolytic disease of the neonate is averted. Rh all immunization continues to be a 112 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference significant issue in areas with limited anti-D immune globulin access or availability. Research and result: Currently, one of the most difficult difficulties confronting clinicians is the early detection of neonatal sepsis. If the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is delayed and treatment is ineffective, it can lead to systemic problems and a high fatality risk. Although blood culture is considered the gold standard diagnostic technique for newborn sepsis, it has several limitations. These are inaccessible in the majority of impoverished nations, have technological issues, and take more than three days to see at least the first preliminary result, with a positivity yield of 30%-70%. As a result, the left percent of neonates with sepsis could not be diagnosed by blood culture; the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is based on clinical assessment, and management is also based on empirical treatment protocol, which usually results in unnecessary hospitalization, increased irrational use of antibiotics, and additional costs for the family Although platelet, lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts are analyzed in a single mode, they may serve as clinical markers of underlying infections such as sepsis and associated immune dysfunctions. In recent years, the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), immature to total neutrophil ratio, and immature to mature neutrophil ratio have been identified as prospective markers of systemic inflammation and infectious illness prognosis. Because newborns' defense barrier function and immune system development are still insufficient, and the condition of neonatal sepsis advances rapidly, early identification and accurate treatment are critical to lowering death. The NLR and PLR markers derived from blood analysis are now gaining attention in the study of inflammation-related disorders. Furthermore, some research suggests that the NLR and PLR, can be employed as prognostic indicators for cancer and cardiovascular disease. Adult sepsis studies revealed that NLR might be employed as a biomarker for assessing systemic inflammation. According to one study, PLR is a good measure for assessing patients' inflammatory response and disease activity. Researchers and previous understandings show a progressive increase in newborn sepsis mortality, morbidity, and economic burden around the world, specifically in developing nations. Though not a replacement for blood culture, hematological parameters and hemogram-derived markers have been proposed as indicators of neonatal sepsis. Though several studies have been conducted to test the usefulness of hematological parameters and hemogram-derived novel 113 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference markers in neonatal sepsis diagnosis, there is not yet used very commonly in routine practice and results vary extensively among studies. Even though assessment and use of the hemogram-derived markers have infinite considerations in