ON THE PROCESSES OF DELIMITATION AND DEMARCATION OF BORDERS BETWEEN UZBEKISTAN AND KAZAKHSTAN

Аннотация

This article analyzes the processes of delimitation and demarcation of the borders of two Central Asian countries, namely the Republic of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. It also considers the completion of joint procedures for the final stage of demarcation works, which were resolved over many years. The establishment of state borders between these two countries is conditioned by adherence to the principles of international law, such as the principle of territorial integrity of borders, non-interference in internal affairs, which in turn contribute to the comprehensive development of bilateral relations between these countries. Key words: delimitation, demarcation, border territories, security sphere, ethnic mosaic, territorial disputes. The processes of delimitation of national-territorial borders of Central Asia, in particular Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, have a long history. Initially, the redistribution of the territories of this region was established during the years of the USSR, accompanied by the admission of a number of mistakes, which, after the collapse of the socialist system, led to the intensification of border contradictions, the struggle for land and resources, and to the problems of ethnic enclaves. Consequently, with the acquisition of independence, one of the priority tasks for the countries of Central Asia was to resolve issues of delimitation of interstate borders taking into account national interests. For many years, the solution to this issue was considered a difficult problem, since the population living in the border areas faced certain difficulties, the resolution of which required complex measures from the leadership of each country.. The process of delimitation and demarcation of the borders of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan includes a sequence of several stages, starting with the signing of agreements, the development and implementation of border work and ending with the final design of the borders of the two countries, which were achieved thanks to many years of joint efforts. I. E. Khanova in her scientific article, analyzing the paths to the process of legitimizing the borders between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, points to the historical prerequisites and certain difficulties that were preceded by a number 89 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference of events: Firstly, these lands represented an ethnic mosaic of the peoples of five republics; secondly, the borders of these territories were subject to change in connection with the emergence and collapse of various states; thirdly, during the Soviet era, the territories were redistributed with the transfer of the territory of Karakalpakstan from the Kazakh ASSR to the Uzbek ASSR [1]. These events explain the long path to reaching agreements between countries on the settlement of disputes on the delimitation and demarcation of borders, through which the countries nevertheless achieved a compromise in the delimitation of territories. In the scientific article of the collective work of the authors E. T. Bekbosynov, G. A. Mamasharipova and G. M. Zhailauova it is emphasized that the signing in 1998 of the agreement on ratification by the two countries "On Eternal Friendship between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Kazakhstan" became the starting point in the moderate development of bilateral relations. After signing the agreement, one of the primary tasks on the path of mutual cooperation between these states becomes the coordination of work on the procedures for establishing the interstate border of both countries in accordance with the norms of international law. Evidence of this is the signing of the agreement “Agreement between the Republic of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan on the Kazakh-Uzbek state border (Astana, November 16, 2001)”, and the adoption, along with this agreement, of the ratification of four normative legal acts listed below. 1. Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 2, 2003 N 453 "On ratification of the Treaty between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Uzbekistan on the Kazakh-Uzbek state border." 2. "On the ratification of the Treaty between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Uzbekistan on certain sections of the Kazakh-Uzbek state border" Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 2, 2003 N 452. 3"On the ratification of the Treaty between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Uzbekistan on certain sections of the Kazakh-Uzbek state border" Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 2, 2003 N 452.». 4. Resolution of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 13.12.2002 N 451-1 and “On ratification of the Treaty between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Kazakhstan on certain sections of the Uzbek- Kazakh State Border” [2]. The agreement on eternal friendship between these countries served as the beginning of a warming of relations (after many years of tension due to 90 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE Internatio