Spreading of Autonomic Neuropathy

Аннотация

This article explores the global prevalence of autonomic neuropathy, with a primary focus on its diabetic form, which is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes mellitus. The study reviews data from various international sources, revealing significant variability in prevalence rates depending on patient populations, diagnostic criteria, and assessment methods. Particular attention is given to the influence of age, disease duration, and diabetes type on the development of autonomic dysfunction. The article also addresses non-diabetic forms of autonomic neuropathy, including amyloid neuropathy. Emphasis is placed on the importance of early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary treatment approach, especially considering the high mortality rate associated with cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Keywords: Autonomic neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, prevalence, diabetes mellitus, autonomic dysfunction, diagnosis, amyloidosis, cardiac neuropathy. Introduction: Autonomic neuropathy is a common neuropathies to varying degrees due to damage to complication of various diseases, primarily diabetes unmyelinated or weakly myelinated nerve fibers. mellitus. Analysis of available data shows significant However, conditions with isolated or predominant variability in the prevalence of this pathology damage to the autonomic nervous system are depending on the type of underlying disease, age of considered to be autonomic neuropathies proper. Such patients, duration of the disease and diagnostic neuropathies include Guillain-Barré syndrome, methods. In diabetic autonomic neuropathy, the diabetic, amyloid, or toxic neuropathies [2]. Modern incidence rate among patients with type 1 diabetes research has made it possible to classify autonomic mellitus reaches 54%, and in type 2 diabetes mellitus - neuropathies according to various characteristics, 73%. Different diagnostic approaches give a wide range including course (acute/subacute and chronic), etiology of prevalence rates from 7.7% to 90%, which indicates (hereditary, acquired) and prevalence (focal or the difficulty of standardizing diagnostic criteria for this generalized, predominantly sympathetic or condition. parasympathetic) [2]. General characteristics of autonomic neuropathy. The Prevalence of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. autonomic (vegetative) nervous system regulates vital Diabetes mellitus occupies a leading position in the functions and maintains homeostasis. Diseases structure of causes of development of chronic affecting the autonomic nervous system can affect autonomic neuropathies. The prevalence of autonomic both its central and peripheral parts. Clinical disorders significantly depends on the type of diabetes manifestations of autonomic neuropathy are very mellitus and is 54% for type 1 and 73% for type 2[1][2]. diverse and include cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, Diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) is one of the genitourinary, thermoregulatory, sudomotor and complications of diabetes mellitus, which negatively pupillomotor disorders [2]. Autonomic, or vegetative, affects both survival and quality of life of patients. At disorders accompany most generalized, symmetrical the same time, DAN remains one of the rarely International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research 48 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijmscr International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research (ISSN: 2771-2265) diagnosed complications, despite its prevalence [3]. Prevalence of non-diabetic forms of autonomic neuropathy. Autonomic neuropathy may also develop According to foreign studies, the overall prevalence of in other diseases, including amyloidosis. The estimated polyneuropathy is 66% in type 1 diabetes mellitus and prevalence of transthyretin familial amyloid 59% in type 2 diabetes mellitus (based on the results of polyneuropathy ( ATTR -PN) worldwide is a study of a population of patients with diabetes approximately 1 in 1,000,000 people [6]. In Europe, the mellitus in Rochester, Minnesota) [3]. prevalence of ATTR -PN is somewhat higher and is at Variability in prevalence rates. The prevalence of least 1 in 100,000 population [6]. These data indicate diabetic autonomic neuropathy based on autonomic that amyloid autonomic neuropathy is much less status testing varies widely, from 7.7% to 90% [3]. This common than diabetic neuropathy. wide range of values is due to differences in: