Homonymous Features of German Borrowings and Their Usage in Official and Administrative Documents

Аннотация

This article studies a number of lexical units that have been adopted from German into the Uzbek language. The homonymous features of the adoptions are illustrated using the example of official documents in the Uzbek language. Keywords: Uzbek language, German language, borrowings, homonym, decree, resolution, order. Introduction: In linguistics, words are categorized as Anker – is also the name of a leading company in the monosemous (having a single meaning) and technical field that manufactures wireless chargers, car polysemous (having multiple meanings). Words with chargers, wall chargers, USB cables, etc.. [9]. multiple meanings in texts are considered Ariston – The term “Ariston” derived from the German polysemantic lexemes and exhibit homonymic word *Arrestant* (meaning "prisoner"), means "a properties. Words that are spelled and pronounced the detained person; inmate; captive". The word has same but have different meanings are classified as undergone phonetic and grammatical changes and is homonyms. Homonyms include homographs, not typically found in official administrative documents homophones, and homoforms. Some words borrowed in Uzbek. from German into Uzbek also possess homonymous Ariston - However, *Ariston* is also a trade name for a features. water heating device. [9 ]. For instance, the Cabinet of Ministers Resolution No. For example, the word *Anker*—borrowed from 658 dated August 22, 2017, on the “Development German (Anker meaning "anchor")—has two meanings Program of Kokand City, Fergana Region for 2017– in the 2006 and 2023 editions of the Explanatory 2019”, states: “…equipping apartments in multi-storey Dictionary of the Uzbek Language: 1. A component that buildings of Kokand with locally manufactured heating ensures the steady and uniform operation of a clock systems (Ariston).” [5] mechanism. 2. A part used in assembling or mounting Kran - (crane), a borrowing from Dutch, refers to a parts of machinery, structures, etc. (e.g., anker, faucet-like pipe for dispensing gas or liquids.. bolt).[9] In the Minister of Transport’s Order No. 3376 dated In the Presidential Decree No. PQ-307 dated July 6, July 27, 2022, it is used in the context: “…the train must 2022, "On Organizational Measures for the be dispatched with end valves (cranes) in the closed Implementation of the Innovative Development position…”[8] Strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2022–2026", the term is used as follows: “Laboratory assessments Kran – a lexical borrowing from the German language, are being conducted on concrete work, soil refers to a technical mechanism used to lift and move evaluations, as well as reinforcement and anker heavy loads from one place to another. Examples materials used in the construction of the cement plant include: overhead crane, mobile crane. [9] established by the foreign enterprise 'Jizzax Cement'.” . [3] According to the Order No. 2046-4 of the Minister of International Journal Of Literature And Languages 10 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834) Poverty Reduction and Employment of the Republic of America.” [4] Uzbekistan, registered on April 14, 2025, titled *"On The term “shtat,” originating from the German Staat, Amendments to the Occupational Safety Rules for also refers to the permanent and stable staff Employees in Stamping Production"*, clause 126 composition of an enterprise, institution, or states: organization, including a list indicating their positions "In workshops and production areas, the placement and salaries. [9] and installation of lifting devices must comply with According to the Presidential Decree No. PF-73 of the GOST 12.2.065-81 *'Lifting Cranes. General Safety Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 28, 2025, “On Requirements'* and the *'Rules for the Design and Safe measures to further improve the system of training Operation of Lifting Krans approved by the State pedagogical personnel,” a Transformation Department Committee for Industrial Safety of the Republic of consisting of 10 staff units is to be established at the Uzbekistan." [7] Uzbekistan National Pedagogical University. The term “Funt” originates from the German word