The Use of Landscape Description in Abdulla Qodiriy’s Novel “By Gone Days”

Аннотация

This article examines the artistic function and role of landscape descriptions in Abdulla Kodiriy’s novel Bygone Days, one of the first examples of Uzbek national prose. Through an analysis of natural imagery and environmental descriptions, the study reveals how the author uses landscape as a narrative device to reflect characters' emotions, national identity, and historical context. The research highlights the significance of landscape imagery in shaping the aesthetic structure and ideological content of the novel. Keywords: Abdulla Kodiriy, Bygone Days, landscape description, literary analysis, national prose, artistic imagery. centers on identifying and interpreting instances of Introduction: The rise of modern Uzbek prose in the landscape descriptions within the novel, examining early 20th century is inseparable from the name of how these depictions contribute to character Abdulla Qodiriy. His novel Bygone Days not only laid the development, thematic expression, and the socio- foundation of Uzbek realist literature but also political commentary embedded in the narrative. Close demonstrated a masterful use of artistic imagery. reading, hermeneutic analysis, and contextual Among these, the description of landscape plays an interpretation methods are applied, while comparative essential role, both as a background element and as a references to literary theories by M. Bakhtin, A. means of deepening character psychology and Veselovskiy, and Uzbek literary critics are used to narrative atmosphere. This study aims to analyze the substantiate interpretations. specific functions of landscape description within the novel and to demonstrate its significance in reflecting RESULTS the national spirit and the socio-political circumstances The analysis of Bygone Days reveals that Qodiriy utilizes of the period. In O‘tkan kunlar (Days Gone By), landscape descriptions as integral narrative elements. Abdulla Qodiriy masterfully employs landscape Key examples include: descriptions not only as a setting but also as a medium 1. In a scene where Otabek and Kumush meet randomly to express his social, moral, and philosophical near a ditch, the calm natural environment reflects viewpoints. The natural environment in the novel their feelings: "The water of a whispering stream, a frequently mirrors the psychological states of the beautiful young man sitting next to a ditch, runs into characters and serves as a commentary on the socio- the House of a silvery seer and a pig, who came out of political conditions of 19th-century Turkestan. This the house by chance" technique aligns with the traditions of classical Eastern literature, where nature often functions symbolically, 2. As Otabek travels through Tashkent’s outskirts, the yet Qodiriy adapts it to modern realist narrative barren orchards and skeletal trees reflect socio-political frameworks decay: METHOD “The once-thriving orchards now stood barren, their branches skeletal against the grey sky, a silent This study employs a qualitative literary analysis testament to the neglect and turmoil.” method, focusing on the English translation of Abdulla Qodiriy’s Bygone Days by Mark Reese. The analysis 3. Before Kumush’s death, storm imagery foreshadows tragedy: International Journal Of Literature And Languages 69 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834) “Dark clouds gathered overhead, and a cold wind swept Bloomington: Indiana University Press. through the streets, as if nature itself mourned the Sharafiddinov, O. (1983). Abdulla Qodiriy hayoti va sorrow that was to come.” ijodi. Toshkent: G‘afur G‘ulom nomidagi Adabiyot va These vivid images align with Bakhtin’s concept of san’at nashriyoti. chronotope, where time and space reflect emotional Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). The Dialogic Imagination: Four and ideological dimensions in the narrative. Essays. (M. Holquist, Ed.; C. Emerson & M. Holquist, 4. In the novel “Days Gone By” by Abdullah Qadiri, the Trans.). Austin: University of Texas Press. author’s inner experiences, feelings are described Veselovskiy, A. N. (1989). Tarixiy poetika. Moskva: through the landscape. Landscape is an image of nature Nauka. as well as a means of depicting the spirit of the hero. Karimov, I. (1996). Yuksak ma’naviyat – yengilmas kuch. Changes in the life of Otabek and Silver also affected Toshkent: Ma’naviyat. their mood and actions. Their depression is given by the image of nature. Saidov, A. (2010). Milliy roman poetikasi va Abdulla Qodiriy ijodi. Toshkent: O‘zbekiston Milliy 5. Qodiriy's depiction of spring landscapes often Ensiklopediyasi. symbolizes hope, renewal, and the yearning for a better future, reflecting the author’s progressive ideas Mirvaliev, B. (2008). O‘zbek adabiyoti tarixi. Toshkent: regarding societal reform and enlightenment. O‘zbekiston Milliy Ensiklopediyasi. Conversely, desolate and barren scenes are typically Hajiyev, A. (2001). Romanda peyzaj tasviri va uning asso