Linguistic Database for Translating Auxiliary Verbs from Uzbek into English

Аннотация

This article analyzes linguistic issues encountered in the translation of Uzbek auxiliary verbs into English. In the Uzbek language, auxiliary verbs are used to express various grammatical meanings, including the continuity or completion of an action, the manner of execution, and the speaker’s attitude. In English, these meanings are conveyed through different grammatical constructions and independent verbs. Within the scope of this study, approximately 29 auxiliary verbs were identified to express around 70 grammatical meanings. The article examines their translation features and discusses the key methods for translating auxiliary verbs and the challenges in constructing a linguistic database. Keywords: - Linguistic database, auxiliary verb, grammatical meaning, grammatical form, verb category, variation, polysemy. Introduction: - In Uzbek, various grammatical forms are METHODOLOGY used to express subtle semantic distinctions. These This research employs a descriptive and contrastive include the speaker’s attitude (certainty or linguistic approach to analyze the use and translation uncertainty), clarity or doubt, the phase of an action of auxiliary verbs in Uzbek and their English (beginning, continuation, or completion), the manner equivalents. The primary objective is to identify the of the action (speed, ease, partial or full execution), range of grammatical meanings conveyed by auxiliary repetition, and the intensity of the action. These verbs in Uzbek and to determine their most meanings can often be expressed through auxiliary appropriate translations into English, with the goal of verbs. informing the design of a linguistic database for However, the term "auxiliary verb" itself is problematic translation purposes. in Uzbek linguistics. The language lacks fully Data Collection independent auxiliary verbs [Sayfullayeva et al., 2010: The study draws on a corpus of authentic Uzbek texts 186]. Certain verbs, when combined with participial from literary works, journalistic sources, and spoken forms, partially or fully lose their lexical meaning and discourse. Approximately 29 Uzbek auxiliary verbs express grammatical meanings such as mode of action, were identified based on their consistent use in phase, or the speaker’s attitude. In such cases, these grammatical constructions that go beyond their core verbs are treated as auxiliary verbs [Mahmudov, 2010: lexical meanings. Each verb was examined in various 125]. Though relatively few in number, they play a contexts to determine the range of meanings it can significant role in clarifying the speaker’s convey, such as aspectual nuances (continuity, communicative intent and hold an important place in completion), speaker attitude, intensity, and manner of the grammatical schemas of machine translation action. systems. Analytical Framework. The research follows a multi- This study identifies 29 verb forms functioning as step analysis process: auxiliary verbs and analyzes their ability to express approximately 70 grammatical meanings for inclusion 1. Semantic Classification: Each auxiliary verb was in a translation database. analyzed to identify the specific grammatical or aspectual meaning it contributes in different sentence International Journal Of Literature And Languages 110 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834) contexts. 28]. When used in the sense of directing an object from the subject toward another party, the verb retains its 2. Contextual Interpretation: The sentences core lexical meaning. For instance: containing auxiliary verbs were studied in full context to determine whether the auxiliary meaning was Bir shisha miltiq yog‘i topib bering. retained, altered, or absorbed during translation into Find and bring a bottle of gun oil. English. This meaning is preserved in English translation, where 3. Translation Mapping: Equivalent English bermoq functions as an auxiliary verb but is rendered expressions were categorized based on the means of with the independent verb “bring”. translation—whether through grammatical However, in meanings such as intensification or constructions (e.g., the Present Continuous or Present unobstructed action, the verb bermoq does not have a Perfect Tense), lexical substitutions (e.g., “keep,” direct equivalent in English: “start,” “scold”), or contextual rendering. Kampir yigitni urishib berdi. 4. Functional Comparison: Each Uzbek auxiliary verb was compared with its English counterpart(s) to The old woman scolded the young man. determine direct correspondences, partial overlaps, or Har qanday ovqatni yeya berar edi. semantic gaps. He would eat any kind of food. Database Design Principles. Based on the semantic In such contexts, bermoq adds a subtle layer of classification and translation patterns, the linguistic meaning, which is absorbed into the main verb during database was structured to include: translation and thus not translated separately. • Aux