International Relations of Turkestan Jadids

Аннотация

This article covers the formation and development of the jadidism movement on the basis of the educational and cultural ties established by the jadids of Turkestan with foreign countries, foreign education and experience. Through the work of intellectuals such as Abdurauf Fitrat, Munavvarqori Abdurashidkhanov, Fayzulla Khojaev, the role of international experience in national awakening and modernization has been analyzed.It also reveals on a scientific basis the influence of international relations on the development of jadidist ideas. Keywords: “Nizami jaded”, “Nizami jadidi of France”, “Abubakr Ratib afandi”, “Enlightenment”, Abdurauf Fitrat, jadids of Turkestan, “education of the Society of Bukhara”, “Society of Charity”. but the beginning of an entire cultural awakening Introduction: The term "Jadid" in the Jadidism movement. movement first appeared in Turkey during the reign of Sultan Selim III (1739-1802). Abubakr Ratib Efendi, who In the second half of the 19th century, the Central Asian was sent as an ambassador to Austria, described the states were conquered by the Russian Empire, and administrative system he observed there as "Nizomi soon Russia began its socio-political, economic, jaded" (New Order) in his reports to the Shah. After the cultural, and educational colonial policy in these French Revolution of 1789, the new system that was regions. Recognizing this policy of Russia in due time, established began to be called "Fransiya nizomi jadidi" the local intellectual class, the progressives, began to (New Order of France). In those years, "Nizomi jadid" pay serious attention to the organization of education, meant, in a narrow sense, the Europeanization of the national theater, and the press. They drew up a plan to military system, and in a broad sense, the train qualified national personnel, establishing modernization of science, education, industry, and charitable foundations such as "Ma'rifat" agriculture. Thus, the term Jadid was used as a concept (Enlightenment) in Bukhara and "Ko'mak" (Assistance) expressing supporters of innovation and innovative in Tashkent, and sending students to study at ideas [1.B.4]. These processes, in turn, had a significant universities in Russia (St. Petersburg, Saratov, Kazan, impact on the formation of the Jadidism movement in Ufa, Orenburg) and abroad (Istanbul, Cairo) [2.B.8]. the Muslim world, particularly in Turkestan and other Russia's colonial policy in Central Asia was not limited Muslim regions. The representatives of the Jadidism to political and military control, but was also deeply movement, inspired by these historical roots, also embedded in the social, cultural, and educational aimed to transform their societies in terms of science, spheres. The local people's language, religion, history, schools-education, moral education, and social and customs were in danger of disappearing. consciousness. As supporters of innovation, they Recognizing this situation in due time, the intellectuals, rejected the old methods and traditional thinking, that is, the Jadids, saw the way out of the inevitable aiming to be in step with the modern world. Therefore, crisis only in knowledge, science, and education. the first use of the word "Jadid" and its substantive "Ma'rifat" and "Ko'mak" foundations were not just development is not only linguistics or political history, financial organizations, but centers of an entire International Journal Of History And Political Sciences 23 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijhps International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2222) national awakening movement. Through these Among the representatives of the Jadidism movement foundations, progressive-minded young people from were many intellectuals who studied abroad and Turkestan were sent to study and gain knowledge in dedicated their knowledge to the enlightenment of the central Russian cities and even foreign centers. This, in people and the development of the nation. Among turn, laid the foundation for a conscious and scientific them: struggle against colonialism. The Jadids opened new Munavvarqori Abdurashidxonov - Studied in Istanbul schools, awakened the people through theater, and and various cities of Russia. He played a major role in spread modern ideas through the press. This organizing Jadid schools and promoting Jadid ideas. movement is the main manifestation of a movement to Abdulla Avloniy - Studied in Istanbul and Kazan. He was understand national identity, value one's own culture, known for his pedagogical activity and made a great and develop it in step with the times. contribution to the development of Jadid schools. Initially, in Bukhara, "Shirkati Buxoroi Sharif" (The Behbudiy Mahmudxo’ja - Studied in Istanbul, Kazan, Company of Noble Bukhara) was established in March Baku, and other cities. He was one of the most 1908 to educate young people abroad, with members important representatives of the Jadidism movement consisting of nine ind