The Settlement Processes of The Dashti Qipchoq Population, Their Main Occupations, And Their Role in The Formation of The Uzbek Nation

Аннотация

This article describes the social, political and military conditions of the people of Dashti Kipchak mentioned in historical works. Also, a brief analysis of the main activities of Kipchaks will be given. Based on the analysis of sources, opinions about Shayban ulus and their transition to settlement are presented. Keywords: Shayban, Jochi tribe, Movarounnahr, ethnic process, Uzbeks, formation of the Uzbek people, B. V. Luninn, toponym. ``Ulug Khan'', Javangor, Turko-Mongol. instance: Dasht and Turkestan sipahi). [2] Introduction: During the 1420s, historical sources and research indicate that in the eastern lands of the Dasht- For this reason, we believe that instead of the term i Qipchaq, where nomadic communities traditionally "nomadic Uzbeks," the term "steppe Uzbeks" is more lived, the state of Abulkhayr Khan (1428–1468), which accurate and appropriate. lasted for more than 40 years, was established. Along A deep understanding of the history of the Uzbek state with this, the state of Muhammad Shaybani Khan and legal system is impossible without examining the (1451–1510), formed in Turkestan and Transoxiana, socio-political structure of these historical states. Just was also referred to as the state of the nomadic Uzbeks. as the Seljuk Empire, which was once established in Before examining these states, let us address the name Khorasan, held a significant position, these states "nomadic Uzbeks" by considering three viewpoints: played a crucial role in the history of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Although the majority of the population in these states engaged in livestock herding, their composition also As previously discussed, at the beginning of the 14th included tribes and clans involved in agriculture and century, the Ulus of Jochi had already split into two handicrafts in the lower reaches of the Syr Darya and independent states — the Blue Horde (historically partially in the peripheries of the Khorezm oasis. referred to as the Golden Horde) and the White Horde. Scholar B.V. Lunin emphasized this aspect, noting: “The The Kipchak population that settled in the Zarafshan Uzbeks did not consist solely of nomadic herders; valley brought about notable administrative changes among them were also peasants who lived in the lower and influenced regional toponymy. Even today, place Amu Darya region, settled periodically on farmlands, names in regions such as Qashqadarya, Samarkand, and owned their own plots of land.” [1] and Bukhara bear traces of the Kipchak language, The primary population of these states was preserved up to the present. These references can be geographically identified as inhabitants of the Dasht-i found in works such as Bahr al-Asrar, Abdullanoma, and Qipchaq. Tarikh-i Muqimkhani. The sedentary Turkic-Chagatai peoples of the interfluve The White Horde, which was referred to as the "Land (between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers) did not of the Uzbeks," also included the Shaybanid Ulus. refer to them as nomads, but rather as ‘steppe people’. According to the historian Abulg‘ozi, Shayban acquired This terminology is also found in early sources (for this ulus from Bogu Khan in 1238. [3] While the exact International Journal Of History And Political Sciences 39 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijhps International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2222) borders are difficult to define, it is known that in That same year, he captured the cities of Sighnaq, summer, they migrated to the foothills of the Ural Oqqorgon, Arqoq, and Ozgan—located along the Mountains and the middle courses of the Tobol, Ural middle course of the Syr Darya and previously under (Yayiq), and Ilek rivers, while in winter they moved to Timurid control. The capital of the Steppe Uzbeks was the lower Syr Darya, and the lower reaches of the Chu moved from Tura to Sighnaq. This state came to and Sarisuv rivers, and overwintered in the Karakum encompass large parts of modern Kazakhstan, desert. Similar information about the Cumans is also southwestern Siberia, and western-southern Khorezm. found in Byzantine sources. From that point forward, the nomadic Uzbeks became On the eve of the formation of the Steppe Uzbek state neighbors to the Timurid state and began actively in the 15th century, the Shaybanid Ulus had interfering in its political life by supporting different fragmented into several small khanates. By the 1420s, sides in the struggle for the Timurid throne. several independent khanates existed. The Uzbeks In 1557, Khwaja Islam supported Abdullah Khan II in consisted mainly of three groups: tribal unions, tribes capturing Bukhara. As a result, the Juybari sheikhs included in the Shaybanid Ulus (the Shaybanids), became major landowners under the Shaybanids. For Kazakhs, and Manghits. There was intense political instance, Khwaja Islam possessed lands equivalent to struggle for power among them. 300 pairs of oxen’s plowing capacity (according to P.P. Soviet historian A. Yakubovsky, noting the dis