Proverbs as Figurative Expressions of Values (Based on Examples from Uzbek Proverbs)

Аннотация

Proverbs demonstrate the harmony between emotional and intellectual cognition, the generalization of judgments and conclusions, and the expression of axiological processes in natural and social reality. They figuratively convey the lifestyle, inner world, and viewpoints of the people, reflecting both national and universal values. Axiolinguistic analysis of proverbs enables the study of values as an integral part of language, the identification of axiological units, and the elucidation of the communicative and pragmatic features of language. The expression of axiological lexicon in proverbs, sayings, and wise words, which are examples of oral folk art, reveals the people’s attitude towards certain concepts. Keywords: Value, evaluation, linguistic consciousness, linguoculture, axiolinguistics, national values, culture, proverb. linguistic culture are imprinted” [Алефиренко, 2010; Introduction: Human life encompasses spiritual, 43]. The linguistic worldview is a set of ideas about the cognitive, aesthetic, ethical, and economic values. world, ways of understanding and dividing the world, Because throughout his life, he encounters each of historically formed in the consciousness of the relevant them; enters into social relationships; ultimately language community and stabilized in its language, determines their significance and value and expresses which is customary, natural and obligatory for all them in language. He sees, hears, feels, gains speakers of this language [Махмудов, 2017; 143]. experience, distinguishes between good and bad, and Therefore, scientists emphasize that the national- evaluates every phenomenon, thing, person, and cultural valuable landscape can be imagined as a field, society in nature. As a result, the significant ones are and conclude that its core is the national cognitive base positively evaluated and become values. In this [Алефиренко, 2010; 140]. This aspect proves the process, material elements are also not overlooked. connection of axiolinguistics with cognitology. Based Because they serve as the basis for evaluation in the on the above considerations, we analyzed proverbs as formation of values. After a natural phenomenon or a figurative space for national values. thing in nature enters into social relationships and is evaluated, it becomes a certain value or non-value In any language, the system of values is expressed through experience. As the knowledge, experience, through proverbs and fixed phrases chosen by native and imagination accumulated during human activity speakers, as they encapsulate important truths for the find reflection in his mind, an image of national-cultural language users [Karaulov, 2017;52,53]. On the other activity arises in the process of this mental hand, despite their linguistic and cultural significance, representation. N.F.Alefirenko writes about this: “In proverbs are often observed to be falling out of use due the language, objects that are reflected in the to their abundance of ancient ethnic characteristics, worldview and are important for representatives of a archaic motifs, and imagery. Proverbs that reflect certain culture are expressed, and in the linguistic modern cultural concepts and mentality are rare. In consciousness, elements that are important for that their place, like earlier phrases, new units have American Journal Of Philological Sciences 260 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) emerged that verbally reflect the modern national crumb); "Non bo'lsa bas, O'zgasi havas" (If there's character, such as advertisements and slogans that bread, that's enough; the rest is just desire); "Non qon fully capture its image [Loginova, 2016; 33,36]. bo'lsa, qon - jon" (If bread is blood, blood is life); "Non Furthermore, not all examples of oral folk art can ham non, ushog'i ham non" (Bread is bread, and its provide comprehensive information about the values crumb is also bread) (wastefulness is an anti-value). of the entire population in contemporary culture. These and similar proverbs express material values that demonstrate that bread was the main food and was However, despite having acquired archaic cherished by the people; In turn, it would not be characteristics over the centuries, the essence of incorrect to say that the value of bread among people proverbs and their use in fiction help reveal the value has been the foundation for other values. Proverbs landscape of the world, including the current priorities such as “The hungry know the value of bread, the naked of national values and the value orientations of society. know the value of clothing” and “For a baker, bread is Thus, the need for evaluation criteria during precious; for a miller, flour is precious” (Non qadrini communication determines the significance of och bilar, Kiyim qadrini — yalang‘och; Nonvoyga non proverbs in the relationship between humans and aziz, Tegirmonchiga — un) indicate that personal values