On The Origin of Nominalizing Suffixes Derived From Verbs in The Altaic Languages

Аннотация

This article explores the nominalizing suffixes derived from verbs in the Altaic languages, specifically focusing on Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic-Manchu, and Korean languages. It examines the verb-to-noun derivational affixes in the Turkic languages as the base language and compares them with their counterparts in other Altaic languages. The study analyzes their meanings and origins and reconstructs their forms from the Proto-Altaic period. Keywords: Altaic languages, household vocabulary, verb, affix, meaning, form. . In X.U. Chen’s dissertation “Comparative Morphology Introduction: Numerous studies have been dedicated of Turkish and Korean”, the morphology of Altaic to the comparative-historical morphology of the Altaic languages was studied from a comparative-historical languages. The first comparative-historical grammar of perspective . the Altaic languages was written by the German linguist W. Schott . Numerals in Altaic languages were studied Below, the derivational suffixes that form nouns from by B. Laufer , W. Schott , G.I.Ramsted , B.Munkasi , verbs in Turkic languages are compared with suffixes F.Krayelits , V.Kotvich , pronouns by A. Böhler , F.Muller from other Altaic languages, with an attempt to , V.Kotvich , and cases by W. Bang , B.Laufer , D.Shinor determine their meanings and origins. , N.N.Poppe . Turkic languages: -čak/-čaq // Mongolic: -čaġ/-čeg // In recent years, major monographic studies in Altaic Tungusic-Manchu: -ĵak/-ĵek/-čak/-ček/-čok. In Turkic studies have gained significant importance. G.I. languages, the suffix -čak/-čaq typically appears within Ramstedt's fundamental work “Введение в алтайское nouns and expresses nuances of diminutiveness or языкознание” (Introduction to Altaic Linguistics) is endearment. However, when combined with verb devoted to the synthetic study of the comparative stems, it conveys a sense of locality. grammar of Altaic languages . In V. Kotvich’s typological We believe that the suffix -čak/-čaq was originally an research titled “Исследование алтайских языков” independent word meaning “place.” This argument is (Research on Altaic Languages), the similarities and supported by the following examples: ōčaq < hōčaq < unique features of morphology and syntax in Turkic, hōtčaq “hearth” < hōt “fire” or “to light a fire” + čaq Mongolic, and Tungusic-Manchu languages were “place” = “a place for lighting a fire”; burčak “corner” < highlighted, and the general developmental processes bur- “to twist” + -čak/-čaq “place.” of these languages were outlined. In the collection G.I. Ramstedt noted that the suffix -ĵak/-ĵek in “Essays on Comparative Morphology of Altaic Tungusic-Manchu languages indicates the location of Languages”, edited by O.P. Sunik, a series of articles an action: baldiĵak “birthplace” < baldi- “to be born”; devoted to the comparative morphology of Altaic buĵek “grave” < bu- “to die”; biĵek “dwelling place” < bi- languages were published . In N.A. Baskakov’s “The “to be/stay somewhere.” However, he interpreted - Altaic Language Family and Its Study”, along with a ĵak/-ĵek as composed of -ĵa/-ĵe + -k, without clearly classification of Altaic languages and directions in Altaic establishing the origin of -ĵa/-ĵe. He only speculated studies, morphological materials were presented to that in buĵek, -ĵe may retain the meaning “to lie down.” prove the closeness and relatedness of Altaic languages American Journal Of Philological Sciences 310 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) O.A. Konstantinova wrote that the suffixes -đaq/-čaq in include: s:akai “sock liner” < s:a- “to wrap”; s:ïkai Tungusic-Manchu and Turkic languages combine with “headwear” < s:ï- < sï- “to put on the head”; norikai (Old verb roots to indicate “place of action” or “name of the Korean nòríkái) “women’s belt ornament” or “toy” < action”: xavalđak “workplace,” “work” < xaval- “to nòl- “to play” + -í. work.” She also pointed out that elements carrying the As for the origin of the suffix -qaj, we fully agree with semantic of “place” such as čāk, čēk, and čōk occur in Q. Muhamadjonov’s view that it derives from the root various Tungusic-Manchu lexical units like bičēk, qaj- expressing directional movement. Indeed, words čuγačāk, boločōk, tuγečēk, expressing meanings like containing the -qaj element often convey meanings like “residence,” “place inhabited by people,” or “seasonal “to bend,” “to fold,” “to incline,” or “to split in two.” dwelling.” For example, in Uzbek dialects: čalġaj “armpit area of Turkic: -gaj/-ġaj/-gäj/-qaj/-kaj // Mongolic: -gaj/-ġaj/- shirt,” ĵaγačalġaj “lining inside a coat”; Mongolic: qaj/-kej // Korean: -kai/-kei. Sources emphasize that qačaġaj “bent” < qačaji- “to bend”; keltegej “crooked” the suffix -qaj/-ġaj mostly expresses diminutiveness or < kelteji- “to bend”; tasurqaj “cracked” < tasura- “to endearment (e.g., Uzbek bålakaj < båla “child”; Tatar split.” The suffix also appears in somatic t