Selection of Promising Erect Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Germplasm Accessions Based on Biometric Indicators

Аннотация

This article presents the results of a study conducted under weakly saline soil conditions using collected chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) samples. High-yielding chickpea accessions such as FLIP 98-189c (25.5 t/ha), FLIP 98- 140c (32.6 t/ha), FLIP 98-116c (26.6 t/ha), and FLIP 98-183c (25.7 t/ha) were identified and recommended for breeding purposes. Accessions FLIP 98-121c, FLIP 97-25c, FLIP 98-183c, and FLIP 98-189c demonstrated superior performance in terms of 1000-grain weight and are recommended as initial sources for breeding programs. Keywords: Chickpea, germplasm, correlation, yield, yield components, factor analysis. Introduction: Chickpea is among the most significant Yield remains the primary trait for selecting varieties leguminous crops, valued for its high content of suitable for specific environmental conditions. protein, carbohydrates, and fiber, and it plays a vital Although it is a complex quantitative trait influenced by role in the food industry. As a drought-tolerant legume, both genotype and environment, high yield under chickpea also enhances soil fertility. Although it is natural local conditions reflects a genotype's primarily cultivated in drylands, recent efforts have adaptability. Additionally, productivity depends on aimed to grow chickpea on arable lands susceptible to yield components. waterlogging and salinization. For this purpose, In the Syrdarya region’s weakly saline soils, when breeding programs tailored to regional agro-climatic chickpea varieties such as “Uzbekistan-32” (control), conditions are essential, focusing on scientifically FLIP 98-140c, FLIP 98-1116c, FLIP 98-152c, and FLIP 98- grounded selection of initial genetic sources. 183c were planted in the autumn using various row American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 7 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) spacings (60×10×1, 60×15×1, 60×20×1), the highest lower pods is lower in early-sown and densely planted number of pods, grains, and grain mass was observed chickpeas compared to late or sparse plantings [1; 9; in the 60×20×1 planting pattern. However, decreasing 15; 41–56]. plant spacing led to fewer grains per plant and an These findings demonstrate that quantitative traits increase in individual grain size. All chickpea samples vary with genotype and environment. Therefore, exceeded the control in 1000-grain weight (69–128 g) applying statistical methods—particularly factor [6; 71–75]. analysis—is essential for identifying promising According to O. Soipov [13; 22], planting larger seed germplasm adapted to local conditions [2; 23–25; 3; fractions resulted in an additional 1.5 t/ha grain yield (a 243–245]. 27.4% increase), and even higher fractions led to a 2.1 In addition, detailed studies of saline soils in the t/ha yield increase (29.5%). In saline, irrigated lands of Mirzachul region have provided insights into their the Syrdarya region, chickpea seeds ("Malhotra" characteristics and recommendations for improving variety) were fractionated into very small to very large their fertility [17; 18]. Using factor analysis, it was sizes. For quality seed material, an 8.0 mm sieve is determined that the vetch variety Mirzachul-1 exhibits recommended [3; 262–264]. salinity tolerance [4; 4–7]. Previous studies have shown that grain length and Objective width are largely genotype-dependent, while grain To identify promising erect chickpea genotypes suitable mass is influenced by the environment. Larger grain for the soil and climatic conditions of the Syrdarya fractions improve seed quality and germination—by region. 13–18% in soybean and 10–11% in chickpea. A weak correlation exists between grain length and thickness, METHODS while a strong correlation exists between width and The study involved 25 chickpea accessions, with thickness, with a weak positive correlation between “Uzbekistan-32” used as the control. All accessions seed mass and germination [3; 262–264; 4; 28–33]. were planted in a 60×10×1 pattern. Phenological Chickpea productivity is also influenced by external observations and biometric measurements were conditions and agronomic practices. According to Z.K. conducted according to the manual published by the Yuldasheva, yields reached 28.7–31.0 t/ha in autumn Cotton Research Institute [12; 15–140], and primary and 26.8–27.0 t/ha in spring, depending on row data were analyzed using a statistical software program spacing. "Uzbekistan-32" achieved 36–37 c/ha, [14; 65–107; 5; 45–100]. "Yulduz" 31.1–32.4 c/ha, and "Lazzat" 26.8–27.8 c/ha. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The highest yields occurred in wider row spacings and Table 1 presents the biometric traits of the chickpea when the “Uzbekistan-32” variety was planted in accessions. The average pod weight per plant was 24.9 double rows spaced at 60 cm [16; 32–33]. g, ranging from 13.3 g to 41.0 g across genotypes. It was observed that dense plantings (60×10×1) led