Assessing the Economic Injury Level of Pests in Vegetable Crops (Tomatoes, Cabbage)

Аннотация

This article presents the results of research conducted to assess the Economic Injury Level (EIL) of key pests affecting vegetable crops, specifically tomatoes and cabbage. During the study, the damage caused by each pest to the yield was determined, and their Economic Threshold (ET) was established. Furthermore, effective control measures were substantiated through monitoring, pest population counting, and analyzing their impact on yield. Based on the obtained results, recommendations were developed to improve the biological and integrated pest management systems for vegetable crops. This work holds significant importance in increasing economic efficiency in agriculture and ensuring the rational use of chemical agents. Keywords: Vegetable, potato, trap crop, natural enemy, pest, parasitoid, predator, agrobiocenosis, moths, phytophages, entomofauna. growing at an average rate of 15% annually since 2016. Introduction: our country, special attention is being By the end of 2022, its turnover had reached 183.35 paid to the production of organic products free from billion dollars. synthetic chemical compounds. Particular emphasis is placed on creating and applying environmentally It should be specifically noted that our country has friendly, biologically harmless technologies instead of abundant fertile land suitable for organic fruit artificial fertilizers that pollute the environment and production. However, the mere availability of land is soil. A glance at the organic agriculture market shows not sufficient for producing organic products. Today, a that in 2019, the international market turnover for crucial issue in global practice is the application of organic agriculture reached 96.7 billion Euros. technologies for plant protection that are free from Worldwide, 2.8 million producers were engaged in this harmful chemicals, which could otherwise transfer to activity across 71.5 million hectares of land. Experts the human body through nature and agricultural state that the global organic products market has been products. One such technology is the use of "trap American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 20 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) crops" to protect fruit and vegetable products from their tributaries during the Quaternary geological insect pests in agriculture.For pest control in organic period. The western part of the region consists of a hilly product cultivation, the primary reliance is on plain (elevation 400-500 m), while the eastern part landscaping around the cultivated area and applying (east of Andijan city) is composed of branches of the other biological control methods (Zehnder et al., 2007). Fergana and Alay mountain ranges. In certain regions, planting diverse crops (polyculture) METHODS has been found to result in less pest damage compared The primary methods for applying trap crops in our to monoculture (Andow, 1991; Letourneau et al., research were classified based on plant characteristics 2011). Polycultures can enhance biological control by and their placement in the field. According to plant attracting natural enemies and simultaneously characteristics, they are categorized as conventional, complicate the living environment for pests (Root, genetically engineered, and "Dead-end" trap crops. 1973). Based on field placement, they are classified into Geographical Description of Research Sites strategies such as complex, perimeter, sequential, and Tashkent Province was established on January 15, two-tactic ("push-pull") strategies [Shelton, Badenes- 1938, and is located in the northeastern part of Peres, 2006]. Uzbekistan. The province borders Kazakhstan's To determine the species composition, distribution, Shymkent Province to the north and northwest, and damage of pests in vegetable crops (tomatoes and Kyrgyzstan's Osh Province to the northeast, Namangan cabbage), and for sample collection, the methods of Province to the east, and Syrdarya Province to the G.M. Yaroslavtsev, S.G. Boinskaya, V.F. Paliy, B.P. E.S. south. Tashkent Province, situated in the northeastern Shyiko, G.S. Posypanov, G.Ya. Bey-Bienko, S.M. Volkov, part of Uzbekistan, includes the Western Tian Shan and L.M. Kopaneva were utilized. For studying the mountains and foothills, as well as the Angren and bioecological characteristics of subterranean pests of Chirchik river valleys. The northeastern and eastern potatoes planted as a second crop after cereals and for parts are occupied by the Chatkal, Kurama, Pskem, and compiling phenological tables of insects, the methods Ugam mountain ranges, while the area sloping down of K.K. Fasulati and A.N. Kozhchanov were employed [8; towards the Syrdarya River to the south and southwest p.238, 9; p.286, 10; p.269, 11; p.189, 12; p.177, 13; consists of piedmont plains. p.175, 14; pp.120-300, 15; pp.47-59, 16; p.76, 17; Samarkand Region was established on January 15, pp.40-42, 18