THE ROLE OF MICROBIOMES IN SHAPING HOST IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES

Аннотация

The human microbiome, encompassing the gut, skin, and oral ecosystems, plays a fundamental role in regulating host immunity and modulating inflammatory responses. These microbial communities influence immune system development, barrier integrity, and cytokine production, contributing to both local and systemic immune homeostasis. The gut microbiome, through the production of short-chain fatty acids, enhances intestinal barrier function and promotes regulatory T cell expansion. The skin and oral microbiomes provide antimicrobial defense and regulate inflammation at epithelial interfaces. Dysbiosis in any ofthese microbiomes is linked to a variety of inflammatory, autoimmune, and chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, atopic dermatitis, and cardiovascular conditions. The gut-skin and gut-oral axes further illustrate the interconnectedness of these ecosystems. Therapeutic interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary modifications offer promising strategies to restore microbial balance and ameliorate immune- related pathologies. Understanding the interplay between microbiomes and the immune system holds significant potential fornovel treatments targeting immuneand inflammatory disorders. Keywords:microbiome, immunity, inflammation,dysbiosis, probiotics