MEASURES TO IMPROVE THE OPERATION OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT AND URBAN MOBILITY

Аннотация

The article discusses the types of urban electric transport used in Belarusian cities, gives a detailed classification and comparison of available vehicles. Various options for increasing the share of environmentally friendly transport through the use of electric buses and trolleybuses are considered, an assessment and a comparative analysis of the options are given. Features of planning of work of drivers and drawing up of the schedule taking into account safety requirements are considered. Intensive growth in the level of motorization of the population, an increase in the number of business trips, the use of light vehicles with small volumes of freight, the emergence of "commercial" routes have led in recent years to a sharp increase in car flows in urban transport systems. In this regard, a whole range of tasks arises related to increasing the comfort of movement and the quality of life of citizens in general, which is possible by optimizing the operation of route (urban) passenger transport and increasing its attractiveness for users of all levels. Experimental and computational-theoretical studies were carried out, the direction to improve the work of route passenger (urban) transport of cities (on the example of Polotsk and Novopolotsk). Recommendations are given for further improving the operation of urban passenger transport systems according to alternative scenarios for the cities of Polotsk and Novopolotsk. An assessment is made of the possibility of achieving planned indicators for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the implementation of the pilot project measures aimed at improving the quality and efficiency of the route passenger transport in these cities. A comparative analysis of the possibility of developing various types of electric route passenger transport is carried out. A map has been developed for reducing emissions of pollutants from vehicles with a change in the structure of mobility of the population and an increase in the share of use of route passenger transport, an increase in the speed of movement of route passenger transport. A methodology for assessing the efficiency of urban passenger transport has been developed, including taking into account the development of electric vehicles, which made it possible to determine the need to purchase appropriate vehicles for organizing the movement of non-rail electric vehicles; create a base for their repair and maintenance; construction of traction substations (new or additional); construction of cable networks; train staff. Also, an algorithm has been developed for the implementation of the least costly activities at the initial stage with limited funding. The studies performed allowed us to formulate a concept and propose specific comprehensive measures aimed at improving the quality and efficiency of the route passenger transport in Polotsk and Novopolotsk, including optimizing the existing route network of route passenger transport. Studies of the effectiveness of measures aimed at reducing delays in route passenger transport have been carried out, criteria and places of their application in Polotsk and Novopolotsk have been determined, as well as an assessment of the technical and economic indicators of the proposed optionsusingtheinternational CBA methodology (CostBenefit Analysis). A business model has been developed for the implementation of standard measures aimed at improving the quality and efficiency of the route passenger transport, has been proposed a set of measures to increasethe attractiveness andefficiency ofurban passenger transport. www.wordlyknowledge.uz ILMIYMETODIK JURNAL JOURNAL OFIQRO –ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО –IQRO JURNALI –volume 15,issue02,2025 ISSN:2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR( RESEARCH BIB )–7,245,SJIF–5,431 Keywords: Urban electric transport, Environment, Tram, Trolleybus, Electric Bus, Hybrid bus, Duobus, Charging electricbuses, Safety, Schedule, Workplan. 1. Introduction The creation of a favorable urban space for life and work is impossible without a developed system of route passenger transport, which is a clear and well-coordinated mechanism that combines various types of transport and offers a decent and effective alternative to personal cars. It is known that the share of private car owners depends on a number of factors: cultural, economic, social. The growth of motorization, the increase in the number of privately owned cars, is a challenge to the route passenger transport, which must respond to it with a systematic approach and rational organization of work, responding in a timely manner to the changing situation. In the conditions of a vague response to a changing situation, a certain kind of "vicious circle" arises, when the growth of motorization in the conditions of the existing street network leads to its overload, which inevitably leads to a deterioration of conditions for the movement of route vehicles, reduces the speed of route vehicles movement, worsens the quality of passenger transportation service