ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION SECURITY OF THE “INTERNET OF THINGS”

Аннотация

Due to the sharply increasing demand from users for Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, there has arisen a need for high-quality information protection of the Internet of Things network. This article examines the most important issues related to IoT information security and proposes solutions to the problems identified. Keywords: Internet of Things, information security, vulnerability, security threats. At present, there is significant theoretical and practical interest in the impact of “machine-to-machine” interactions on the continuity and reliability of systems that support the functioning of society. Global information networks are actively developing in a direction that enables the connection of physical and virtual objects based on ICT (Information and Communication Technologies), with the aim of providing innovative services to society — for example, in the areas of shopping (contactless payments), vehicle control via smartphones, and energy consumption (reducing usage through remote monitoring using sensors and video cameras).This phenomenon has been termed the “Internet of Things.” The key features of the Internet of Things are as follows: 1. Physical objects, united in a vast computing network, can interact with each other and with the external world. 2. The IoT network involves the interaction of computers, smartphones, various powerful computing devices, and virtually any physical items. 3. The Internet of Things significantly simplifies human life, without requiring human intervention in the functioning of interconnected devices that monitor the surrounding environment using digital tools [2, p. 341]. 4. The main objective of the system is to improve people's lifestyles and enhance their quality of life by fostering unity through artificial intelligence in the interaction between all members of society and governing bodies. 5. The network offers wide-ranging prospects: - In the agricultural sector: The relative condition of the soil can be addressed by using sensor data on soil moisture, topsoil temperature, and plant nutrition; https://scientific-jl.com 3 46-son_3-to’plam_Iyun -2025 ISSN:3030-3621 Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi - In industry: A reduction in scheduled equipment inspections is possible thanks to sensor readings [1, p. 157]; - In goods logistics: Package tracking along the entire delivery route simplifies its transfer from the manufacturer to the store or from the store to the customer; - In the construction of smart homes: Conservation of water, electricity, and gas through the installation of smart meters; managing home security; programming home functions according to the specific user’s needs; - In medicine: Devices that collect and transmit data to an IT database for further analysis; real-time monitoring of patient status; automatic alerts to specialists about any changes; reduced use of high-energy-consuming medical equipment; cost savings on surgeries; health monitoring through regular tracking of physical indicators using wearable devices such as wristbands, smart clothing, and footwear; - In retail: Targeted interaction with each network-connected customer during product searches; analysis of sales volumes; automatic price increases or reductions to maximize sales and avoid overstocking; - In forensics: Monitoring of criminals under house arrest using biometric chips; - In environmental protection: Monitoring of animal populations by detecting them on the Earth’s surface via the radio signal emitted from a device attached to the animal; - In transportation: AI will be able to independently assess traffic conditions, plan and adjust the travel route without human involvement. One of the main problems of the Internet of Things (IoT) today is ensuring the cybersecurity of this network. This problem is caused by several factors: the rapidly changing situation in the industry; the desire of numerous individuals and organizations to gain control over the network and impose their own rules and regulations; and unrealistic forecasts. A critical role is played by technical vulnerabilities, which include: not necessarily obvious or feedback-based active influence of a subject on an object; the negative impact of a combination of conditions and factors that pose a threat to information security; and intentional malicious actions aimed at violating the availability, integrity, and confidentiality of data. By being aware of vulnerabilities and flaws in the configuration of the system's application or control software, an individual with malicious intent can gain control over a device, embed a malicious element, or alter its program [3, p. 12]. Natural threats — such as earthquakes, fires, and floods — can also cause significant damage to computer systems. To minimize their negative impact, the best solution is to use backup systems. https://scientific-jl.com 4 46-son_3-to’plam_Iyun -2025 ISSN:3030-3621 Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi Significant malicious damage to