CONGRATULATIONS LETTERS AS A SPEECH GENRE ANALYIZED IN UZBEK AND RUSSIAN DISCOURSE

Аннотация

The objective of this article is to determine the role of the wishes and in the speech genre ‘greetings’ in the process of evolving the English language among advanced learners, the examples of stylistic dominants found in daily life were identified and analyzed. In our article, the analysis of the scientific research conducted on this term in Uzbek and Russian languages and its place in the field of literature are highlighted. Greetings and congratulations in the speech genre are studied from the positions of the lexico-semantic and stylistic. Based on the analysis of business letters published on company websites and in the media, typical lexical groups: health, happiness, good luck in work, peace and harmony, light, warmth. These dominances from-reflect the common values of peoples. The paper also describes unique in each of the characteristics stylistic heterogeneity and stereotypes characteristic of the internal culture of the spoken languages. Key words: Key words and phrases: speech genre; business letter; congratulations, greetings; lexico-semantic dominants; wish; comparative aspect. ПОЗДРАВИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПИСЬМА КАК РЕЧЕВОЙ ЖАНР, АНАЛИЗИРОВАННЫЙ В УЗБЕКСКОМ И РУССКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ Аннотация: Целью данной статьи является определение роли пожеланий и в речевом жанре «приветствия» в процессе развития английского языка среди продвинутых учащихся, выявлены и проанализированы примеры стилистических доминант, встречающихся в повседневной жизни. В нашей статье освещается анализ научных исследований, проведенных по данному Выпуск журнала №-27 Часть–3_Июнь –2025 367 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT термину в узбекском и русском языках, и его место в области литературы. Приветствия и поздравления в речевом жанре изучаются с позиций лексико- семантических и стилистических. На основе анализа деловых писем, опубликованных на сайтах компаний и в СМИ, выявлены типичные лексические группы: здоровье, счастье, удача в работе, мир и согласие, свет, тепло. Эти доминанты отражают общие ценности народов. В статье также описываются уникальные в каждой из характеристик стилистические неоднородности и стереотипы, характерные для внутренней культуры разговорных языков. Ключевые слова: Ключевые слова и фразы: речевой жанр; деловое письмо; поздравления, приветствия; лексико-семантические доминанты; пожелание; сравнительный аспект. In modern linguistic literature, genre research is one of the most relevant directions. Following M. M. Bakhtin, we define speech genre (SG) as “relatively stable clear thematic, compositional and stylistic types of statements” [1. p. 250]. The speech genre “congratulations” is one of the manifestations of everyday communication. "Greetings and congratulations" in taken as a written or oral greeting for the addressee on a joyful and pleasant occasion, containing wishing good wishes. “The congratulation situation scenario is one of those that are reactive reaction to something good that has already happened in real life (there will come a nationwide or family holiday, birthday, success, etc.)” [7. p. 207]. The speech genre "greetings" has been studied by many linguists. N. I. Formanovskaya (1987), Yu. N. Marinin (1996), T. V. Tarasenko (1999), V. V. Kashpur (2007), N. V. Nemchinova (2010), N. V. Dudkina (2010), T. P. Sukhoteri on (2013) approached the description of this SG from different angles: in the political aspect, in the personal comprehension, in the official sphere, in the space of culture. It should be noted that “Greetings” occupies a special place in the speech genre. Note that such actions how gratitude, congratulations, apologies, condolences, regrets, greetings, refer to ex Выпуск журнала №-27 Часть–3_Июнь –2025 368 MODERN EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT pressives, the illocutionary purpose of which is “to express the psychological state given the condition of sincerity, with respect to the state of affairs defined within the propositional content” [2.p. 183]. According to the typology of T. V. Shmeleva, four classes of SG are distinguished: informative, evaluative, etiquette / performative, imperative [8. p. 91]. According to T. IN. Tarasenko, speech genre " Greetings " is included in the group of etiquette speech genres along with "thank you", "apology", "condolence" [5.p.12]. N. A. Trofimova distinguishes from expressive speech acts speech acts in “Greetings”, “wish” and “apology” and classifies them as sociatives. “Sociatives are speech acts of expression recognition by the speaker of the listener as a member of the same social group with the speaker, expressed in the divided standard situations” [6.p. 22]. Thus, the SG "Greetings" has a bright specificity expressions of emotions and feelings and conventional nature, regulates interpersonal relationships, both in etiquette genres and in expressive genres. "letter of congratulations " as a type of official business letters occupies a special place in intercultural communications. The main purpose of this SG is to evoke positive emotions (creating a g