CURRENTS THAT INFLUENCED THE EMERGENCE OF THE MODERNIST METHOD

Аннотация

At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, the modernist method began to appear in world literature, in particular in the literature of the peoples of Europe, Latin America, Africa and Australia. Of course, this method did not appear by itself. Various currents and directions also influenced its emergence. The work analyzes the role and influence of these currentsand directions in theemergence ofmodernism. Key words: Modernism, Avant-garde, Dadaism, Fauvism, Cubism, Surrealism, "Stream of Consciousness", Futurism. Since the beginning of the world, humanity has experienced various periods and events. Among them, the 20th century stands out as the most turbulent and full of ups and downs. The fight against various inhuman disasters occurring in society and nature required the unity and unity of different peoples and nations. This in turn led to the rapprochement of all peoples, that is, globalization. Globalization, as in all areas, has also spread to literature and art, which are the products of conscious thought. At this point, it is appropriate to recall the meaning of the term globalization. Globalization is derived from the Latin word "globus", which in Uzbek means "globe". This serves to express meanings such as universal, worldly. Mankind has been globalized mainly around two poles under the socio-political views that existed in the 20th century. These are globalization, which consists of the rapprochement of peoples living in socialist countries, and globalization of peoples based on a free and democratic society dominated bythecapitalist system. Such changes that occurred in the process of globalization did not fail to affect literature and art. Supporters of the socialist system created the method of socialist realism based on utopian communist views, representing the ideas of the socialist system, and the representatives of the capitalist society in the method of modernism, which is in favor of complete freedom. Supporters of freedom in all aspects of the representatives of the modern method have created their own internal directions, that is, currents. These are: avant-garde and its branches Dadaism, surrealism, naturalism, futurism, cubism, existentialism,etc. Of course, all these currents advocated free creativity, breaking out of the "mould" created by socialist realism. But on this path, each of them took a different path and appeared as a stream with a different character. Below, we will briefly discuss some of them and see how each ofthem differs from thedominant socialist realism ofthe time. Avant-garde movement. This movement is derived from the French word avant-garde, and it is a movement that has entered literature and art since the first half of the 20th century. Its page1319 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai representatives set themselves the goal of radically renewing literature and art, expanding its form and expressive possibilities. Avant-garde is the most radical movement among the modernist movements, which in turn combines movements of various directions such as dadaism, fauvism, cubism, surrealism, "stream of consciousness", futurism. Due to its broad scope, it is sometimes customary to use the avant-garde movement directly in the sense of modernism. The avant-garde movement, with its views, was an ideologically opposed movement to such movements as romanticism, realism, and especially socialist realism, and advocated their reformation in its place. The avant-garde movement always reflected the acute problems oftheera and became majorrepresentatives ofworld literature with its works. These are the Irishman Jows, the Frenchman M. Puri, the Dutchman Mondrian, the Spanish S. Dali and Picasso, the Swiss P. Klee, and the Russian artists V. Kandinsky, M. Melevich, and S. Prokofiev. Surrealism movement. Surrealism is derived from the French language and means “above realism”. It is a movement that emerged in France in the first half of the 20th century. Surrealism emerged in France, Spain, and America, and is considered a movement that encompasses not only literature but also painting and cinematography. Surrealists believe that creativity should not be controlled by reason, it should automatically become an expression of an event that comes to a person’s mind. In their view, the dialectical relationship between the author and the reader comes first. The mutual intellectual and emotional preparation of the author and the reader ensures the acceptance of a work of art, including a work of fiction. The dialectical relationship between the author and the reader, that is, the reader's acceptance of the author's position, has been recognized many times among realist researchers. In particular, the Azerbaijani literary scholar Gulrukh Alibekova, in her monograph "The Edges of Art", sees the artistic nature