METHODOLOGY FOR SOLVING VARIOUS TYPES OF PROBLEMS CONCERNING THE LAWS OF DYNAMICS IN GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Аннотация

This article provides a simpler and more understandable explanation of the methods for solving various types of problems related to the laws of dynamics in general secondary schools. Thearticle will help develop problem-solving methods in thisarea. Keywords: Qualitative problem, graphic problem, experimental problem, experiment, motion, speed, acceleration. Physics is a science that studies the laws of nature, and one of its main branches is mechanics, inparticular dynamics. Dynamics is a branch that studies the relationship between the motion of bodies and the forces that cause this motion, and is based on Newton's laws. Teaching the laws of dynamics in general secondary schools plays an important role not only in forming students' theoretical knowledge, but also in developing their logical thinking, physical thinking, and the ability to independently overcome problem situations. In the educational process, theoretical knowledge is transformed into practical skills by solving problems based on the laws of dynamics. However, it is observed that students face many difficulties in this area. In particular, the lack of a methodological approach to working with the interaction of forces, the influence of mass onmotion,acceleration, and other physical quantities creates problems. From this point of view, one of the urgent issues is to develop a methodology for analyzing problems related to the laws of dynamics and methods for solving them, and to convey them to students in a simple and understandable way. The effectiveness of physics lessons can be increased by classifying different types of problems and developing methods for solving them based on an individual and group approach. The main goal of this work is to study the methodology for solving problems based on the laws of dynamics, identify their types and approaches adapted to the level of knowledge of students. This not only increases students' interest in physics, but also forms theirability to analyze and understand physical phenomena in real life. page1217 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Qualitative problems (or theoretical problems) help to understand the basic laws of physics and develop logical thinking. Such problems usually do not require precise calculations, but rather explain the essence of physical phenomena. Qualitative problems clearly explain physical phenomena and their laws to students, teach them to apply theoretical knowledge in practice, cultivate the correct attitude towards calculation problems, teach them to start solving any problem by analyzing its physical content. Qualitative problems are given in order to consolidatethematerial covered inthelesson. Problem- 1.If a bookonthetabledoes notmove, what forces act onit? Whatdoes it mean if wepush thebook,but itExplanation: The book is acted upon by the force of gravity downward and the reaction force of the table upward. If we pushthe book,itinitially moves,but thefriction force acts and stopsit. Problem- 2.Underwhat conditions does acar move ina straight lineand inastraight line? Whatcauses acar to accelerate ordecelerate? Explanation: A car moves in a straight line only when all forces are in balance. If the engine’s thrust is greater than friction and air resistance, it accelerates. When the brakes are applied, the friction ofthebrakes creates a force opposing themotion and thecar slows down. Problem- 3.Underwhat forces does a cyclist moving ina circle act? Whycan turningat high speed bedangerous? Explanation:eventually stops? The bicycle turns under the influence of the centripetal force. If this force disappears, the cyclist's movement willcontinuealong astraight line, as aresult ofwhich he may fall. Experimental problems. Experimental problems in physics are problems that are carried out in a laboratory setting and are aimed at practical verification and confirmation of physical laws. These problems help to study physical phenomena through experiments, understand measurement methods, and develop scientific thinking. One of the most effective ways to connect theory with practice is to solve experimental problems. A characteristic feature of experimental problems is that laboratory or demonstration experiments are used to solve them. In the process of solving experimental problems, students' activity and independence increase. page1218 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Because they do not get the necessary information to solve the problem ready-made from a textbook or a set of problems, but from physical measurements that they perform themselves. Another advantage of experimental problems is that these problems cannot be solved without sufficient thinki