CLINICAL SIGNS, DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION OF NODULAR DERMATITIS IN CATTLE

Аннотация

В статье изложены клинические признаки, диагностика и профилактика нодулярного дерматита крупного рогатого скота – заболевания, которое мало изучено нашимиучеными вУзбекистанеи внастоящее время является актуальной проблемой. Annotation. This article outlines the clinical signs, diagnostics, and prevention of nodular dermatitis in cattle, a disease that has been poorly studied by our scientists in Uzbekistan and iscurrently apressing problem. Kalit so'zlar: qoramol,infeksiya,virus,isitma,teri tugun, yallig’lanish,teri bo’rtmasi,davolash va oldini olish, сўлак, уруғ, сут, кўз ва бурун,суюқлик, трансмиссив йўл, ҳашаротлар, ўчоқлитериқопламидабўртмалар,думалоқ,сон,қўлтиқ,кўзатрофи,тумшуқ,елин. Ключевые слова:крупный рогатый скот,инфекция, вирус,лихорадка,узелок накоже, воспаление,кожная сыпь,лечениеи профилактика,слюна, сперма, молоко, глазаи нос, жидкость, путь передачи, насекомые, локализованная кожная сыпь, пах, бедро, подмышечная впадина,вокруг глаз,морда,крестец. page1179 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Key words:cattle, infection, virus, fever, skinnodule, inflammation, skin rash, treatment and prevention, saliva, semen, milk, eyes and nose, fluid, transmission route, insects, localized skinrash, groin, thigh, armpit, around the eyes, snout, rump. Introduction.Lumbar dermatitis of cattle (Dermatitis nodularis bovum; contagious nodular dermatitis) is a contagious viral disease that knows no borders, characterized by persistent fever, necrotizing focal skin rashes (lumpy swelling), widespread lymphadenitis, lesions of the mucous membranes of the eyes, respiratory and digestive organs. Sheep, goats and buffaloes can alsosometimes beinfected withthis disease. The somewhat complicated epizootic situation with lumpy dermatitis of cattle in the world, the proximity of its distribution area to the border regions of our country and the potential dangerrequire theprovision ofinformation about this disease. Relevance of the topic. Lumpy skin disease (LSD) of cattle was recorded in Central and Southern African countries, Madagascar, and India. Later, in the Middle East, during 2014- 2016, LSD of cattle was recorded in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, Egypt, Cyprus, the Russian Federation, the Republics of Dagestan, Chechnya, Armenia, Greece, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, Albania, and Kazakhstan. This disease also causes serious damage inUzbekistan. Course and clinical signs. The incubation period of the disease is 3-30 days, the incubation period in natural conditions is 2-4 weeks, and in experimental conditions it is 7-8 days. Usually, when thevirus suspension is infected subcutaneously and between theskin, in cattle, after 4-7 days, the inflammatory process begins at the site of damage and spreads to the epidermis, dermis, and nearby muscles. Exudate accumulates in the bumps that appear, then necrosis develops. Injured areas of the skin will be painful. Intensification of these processes occurs 7-19 days after the animal is infected, and fever is observed. The virus can be detected in the blood 3-4 days after the body temperature rises and the rash appears. The virus spreads through the blood throughout the animal's body over 1-2 weeks, penetrating the tissues of the oral cavity, nose, eyes, vagina, prepuce, salivary and mammary glands, testicles, and other organs, causing necroticinflammation. In the acute course of the disease, the body temperature rises to +40°C and remains at this level for 4-14 days, there is a decrease in appetite, discharge from the eyes, mucous or purulent discharge from the nose and mouth, and after 48 hours, the formation of focal skin rashes is observed. These rashes are slightly raised above the skin surface, round, clearly demarcated, 0.2-7.0 cm in size, and depending on the course of the disease, their number can range from a few to several hundred. They are located throughout the body, mainly on the thighs, armpits, around theeyes, onthemuzzle, and onthegroin. In severe cases, the lesions may also be located on the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose, and on the labia minora. Nodular lesions may form on the eyelids, causing blurred vision and partial or complete blindness. 1-3 weeks after the lesions appear, the tissue inside them becomes completely necrotic, forming sequestrations. Later, the lesions rupture, releasing afoul-smelling, viscous mucus. page1180 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai As the swellings rupture and heal, the bumps and their signs of inflammation disappear (within 4-6 weeks). The wool in their place falls out. The bumps sometimes harden and can remain in this state for up to a year. Eventually, they either resorb