THE ROLE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC POLICY IN THE TRANSITION TO A GREEN ECONOMY

Аннотация

This article analyzes the role of Public Policy and its effectiveness in the process of transition to a green economy. The article examines the main directions of public policy in the development of the green economy, problems and solutions in ensuring the balance between economic, environmental and social factors. The study develops proposals to improve the effectiveness of Public Policy. The article is devoted to international experience andtopical issues ofthe development ofthegreeneconomy ontheexampleofUzbekistan. Keywords:green economy, public policy, sustainable development, environmental policy, economicgrowth, PublicAdministration. Introduction: the green economy is a concept aimed at reconciling economic growth with environmental sustainability and social justice, and is gaining importance in the context of global climate change, resource shortages and environmental problems. This concept seeks not only economic development, but also the rational use of Natural Resources, the reduction of pollution and the promotion of social equality. Public policy plays an important role as the main driving force in the transition to a green economy, as it manages this process through legislative reform, financial incentives and thedevelopment ofsustainableinfrastructure [1]. The essence and importance of the green economy: the green economy is defined as an economic activity that does not harm the environment and increases social well-being . This model is based on principles such as efficient use of resources, transition to renewable energy sources, recycling of waste and reduction of carbon emissions. Pearce and others ' research highlights conservation of ecological balance and resource conservation for future generations as the primary goal of the green economy. On a Global scale, the green economy is seen as an important tool in combating climate change and achieving sustainable development goals. For developing countries such as Uzbekistan, the transition to a green economy can bring not only environmental, but also economic and social benefits. For example, investing in renewable energy sources provides energy security, creates new jobs, and diversifies thelocal economy. However, this process is hampered by limited financial resources, institutional vulnerabilities,and loopholes in legislation. The role of Public Policy: public policy is a key factor in the transition to a green economy. Uzbekistan has adopted a number of green economy development programs in recent years, such as a renewable energy development strategy and commitments to reduce carbon emissions. Measures are being taken by the state such as tax incentives, subsidies and financing of green projects through cooperation with international financial organizations. For example, Uzbekistan plans to increase the share of renewable energy in the energy system by2030[2]. Looking at international experience, the European Union (EU) is a leader in the development of the green economy. EU's Green Deal (Green Deal) strategy aims to achieve carbon page1137 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai neutrality by 2050, with significant investment and legislative reforms underway to achieve this goal. China, on the other hand, has become one of the global leaders in the field of green technology, especially solar and wind energy. The experience of these countries shows that it is possible to successfully develop the green economy through strategic planning of Public Policy, financial incentives and international cooperation. However, in developing countries, including Uzbekistan, limited financial resources and institutional problems slow the transition to a green economy. For example, there are difficulties in attracting the private sectorto finance green projects, which puts anadditional burden onthestate. Literature analysis: methods of analysis and the state of Uzbekistan: qualitative and quantitative methods are used in the analysis of the green economy. Qualitative analysis is based on the study of state programs, legislative framework and international experience. In Uzbekistan, programs related to the green economy are analyzed, for example, “sustainable development strategy”and renewable energyprojects [3]. In the quantitative analysis, however, indicators such as the proportion of renewable energy, CO2 emissions and energy efficiency are considered. For example, according to the Statistical Committee of Uzbekistan, the share of renewable energy has increased significantly in recent years, but the total energy balance is still dominated by traditional types of fuel. Data from international organizations (UNEP, OECD) positively assess the progress of Uzbekistan in the field of green economy, but gaps in legislation, such as lack of standards in the implementation of green technologies and li