INDUSTRIAL WASTE AND ITS USE

Аннотация

В данной статье представлен всесторонний анализ актуальности промышленных отходов и их воздействия на окружающую среду и здоровье человека. О промышленных отходах и их переработке, которые сегодня являются глобальной проблемой для населения мира. Эффективное использование промышленных отходов является основой для энергосбережения и экономической эффективности, и в результате становится возможным экономить природные ресурсы. В статье рассматриваются виды промышленных отходов, их воздействие на окружающую среду и риски для здоровья человека. Ключевые слова: Городские отходы, экологические проблемы, управление отходами, переработка,производство,строительныематериалы. Today, various types of waste are the main environmental problem on a global scale. According to the analysis of the studied scientific research, the annual increase in household and industrial waste in recent years has a negative impact on the ecological stability of the planet. According to the analysis results, today about 900 types of waste are included in the list. Also, the volume of waste increases by an average of 3% annually. It is widely known that improper waste management over many years has led to changes in natural resources and disruption of natural phenomena. 80% of the generated waste consists of organic matter, and as a result of their processing, we can produce a large amount of energy and energy carriers. Complex use of raw materials, industrial waste or waste, unnecessary products, raw materials for other industrial production may be. Similarly, the use of raw materials logically corresponds to the requirements of modern economic development. Industrial enterprises operating in large volumes produce millions of tons of waste. Therefore, it is necessary to properly organize the processing and use of these wastes. With the rational use of accumulated industrial waste, large quantities of mineral fertilizers, building materials, technological and household fuels are produced. Because they occupy a very large amount of land. A large amount of waste is used to improve soil composition. Rock and lime are added to the soils, and if the acid content is excessive, neutralizing agents are used. Wastefrom central heating plants contains 53% SiO2,24% Al2O3,10%Fe2O andFeO, 2% CaO, 1% MgO, 4% alkali metal oxides. and only 6% are absolutely non-combustible substances. It is necessary to consider the technical, economic, and organizational aspects of using a portion of ash directly, as well as the production of clay, aerated concrete, expanded clay concrete, and 764 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SJIF2019:5.2222020:5.5522021:5.6372022:5.4792023:6.5632024:7,805 eISSN:2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume12,issue05(2025) semicite bricks. In all industrially developed countries, a huge amount of solid waste accumulates. Solid waste not only pollutes the environment but also occupies a huge area of land. From this land, as a cropland, it is possible to grow cultivated plants and produce products beneficial to humans. Solids not only pollute the atmosphere, but also contain secondary useful substances, which can only be extracted by processing. If solids remain for a long time, water from precipitation flows and pollutes the surrounding area. Combustion of these wastes is absolutely unacceptable; highly toxicgases andsolidmetals are released into theatmosphere with thesmoke. As a result of rain and snow falling on it, toxic substances gradually penetrate the soil and poison groundwater. In places where solid waste has accumulated and remained for a long time, it is also forbidden to plant plants there for a long time after cleaning. Since the plant is cultivated, it is not permissible to consume these products. Because these plants carry many toxic substances from the soil through nutrients. These soils contain a large amount of iron, chromium, and other substances, depending onthetype ofsolid waste. According to thetreatment standard 12.1.007-76, industrial waste is divided into four groups based on the content of toxic substances and environmental pollution: 1.extremely dangerous; 2.very dangerous; 3.moderate risk; 4.slightly dangerous. Industrial waste, depending on its type, is divided into production waste and recyclable waste in the Russian Federation. It is known that not all waste can be buried or burned; some of it can be recycled to extract the necessary substances from its composition. When solid waste is recycled 765 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SJIF2019:5.2222020:5.5522021:5.6372022:5.4792023:6.5632024:7,805 eISSN:2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume12,issue05(2025) and utilized according to its type, the possibility of their use increases. For example, they can be divided into: Wasteofferrous and non-ferrous metals. 2.Mineral waste - wastecontaining ash, slag, andcoal. 3.Wasteofplastics and polymers. 4.Wasteofcotton-paper, wool,