IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING PHYSICS IN TECHNICAL HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

Аннотация

This article discusses the relevance, advantages, and methodological approaches to the integration of digital technologies in teaching physics in technical higher education institutions. It substantiates the role of virtual laboratories, LMS systems, AR/VR technologies, and simulations in enhancing the effectiveness of teaching, as well as the importance of developing teachers’ digital competencies. Keywords: physics education, digital technologies, technical higher education, methodology, virtual laboratory, LMS, simulation. The modern education system is facing transformations driven by globalization, digital transformation, and artificial intelligence. In particular, the methodology of teaching physics in technical higher education institutions now requires a shift from traditional approaches to more effective and interactive methods. In this process, digital technologies play a leading role. Comparison of Traditional and Modern Methods For many years, lectures and laboratory work using traditional methods, along with textbooks and study manuals, have been the main tools in teaching physics. However, these methods often turned students into passive listeners, resulting in lowlevels ofcomprehension. Modern approaches rely onthefollowing methods:  Interactivelessons and discussions  Problem-Based Learning (PBL)  Digital resources and platforms (PhET, Moodle, Google Classroom)  Virtual laboratories  AI-based educational systems Integrationand Opportunities ofDigital Technologies 1. Learning Management Systems (LMS): Platforms like Moodle, Google Classroom, and Edmodo allow systematic management of course materials, assignments, and tests. They providecontinuous feedback for students. 2. Simulations and Virtual Experiments: Platforms such as PhET offer interactive experiments modeled on physical laws. These simulations allow students to explore scenarios that are often not possible in traditional laboratories. 3. AR/VR Technologies: 662 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SJIF2019:5.2222020:5.5522021:5.6372022:5.4792023:6.5632024:7,805 eISSN:2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume12,issue05(2025) Augmented and virtual reality tools provide the opportunity to visually study complex physical phenomena in 3D format. This is especially useful for mastering topics such as electromagnetic waves and atomicphysics. 4. Distance Learning and Video Resources: Lessons are conducted online via platforms such as Zoom and Microsoft Teams. Lesson videos can also be prepared using platforms like YouTube or Loom, allowing students to study independently. Teaching physics in technical higher education institutions through modern and interactive methods requires the deep integration of digital technologies into the educational process. This approach not only enhances students’ comprehension but also develops them into practically- minded, innovative professionals. In the future, it is essential to develop dedicated platforms and enrich themethodological base forthenational education system in thisdirection. Psycho-pedagogical foundations ofdigitaltechnologies inphysics education When integrating modern technologies into education, it is important to consider not only their technical capabilities but also their pedagogical and psychological aspects. Digital technologies serve as effective tools for capturing students’ attention, increasing motivation, and developing independent learning skills. Forexample:  Gamification elements (points, rankings, badges) enhance students’interest inlearning.  Adaptive learning systems (based on artificial intelligence) offer personalized tasks tailored to each student.  Multimedia tools (videos, animations, audio) engage multiple sensory systems, thereby reinforcing knowledge retention. Digital laboratories andtheir advantages Compared to traditional laboratories, digital laboratories offer thefollowing advantages: Criteria Traditionallaboratory Digital laboratory Time-consuming, requires Timeand resources Quick access, usableanytime physical equipment Error probability High (dueto human factors) Low(algorithmic control) Repetitioncapability Limited Unlimited Remoteaccessibility Not possible Fully available Recommended Digital Platforms forPhysics Education 1. PhETInteractive Simulations–Free simulationsdeveloped bythe University ofColorado. 663 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SJIF2019:5.2222020:5.5522021:5.6372022:5.4792023:6.5632024:7,805 eISSN:2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume12,issue05(2025) 2. Algodoo –Auser-friendly toolfor visuallyteaching thelaws of mechanics. 3. Labster–3D virtual laboratories forbiology and physics (based onVR). 4. Google Scholar, Khan Academy, Coursera – Free and open-access courses are available forUzbek studentsas well. ListofDigital Competencies forTeachers  Effective useofoffice software (Word, Excel, PowerPoint)  Organizing lessons oneducational platform