FEATURES AND FACTORS OF EMPLOYMENT FORMATION WITH TELEWORK IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

Аннотация

This article analyzes the content, characteristics, relevance and development opportunities of one of the most relevant concepts that has emerged in the labor market in the process of global digital transformation - remote work, as well as its development in the conditions of Uzbekistan. Based on world experience, reports of international organizations and practical experience during the pandemic, the economic, legal, sociocultural, organizational and technological aspects of remote work are highlighted. The necessary conditions and restrictions for the expansion of remote work in the labor market of Uzbekistan are also analyzed. Keywords: Remote work, digital economy, labor market, economic efficiency, technological infrastructure, management system, legal framework One of the most relevant concepts that has emerged in the labor market in the process of global digital transformation is the concept of remote work. In scientific literature, remote work (English: remote work, telework) is understood as the organization of the labor process between the employee and the employer using information and communication technologies, not being in the same geographical location. Remote work, by its very nature, means that the employee's activities are carried out independently of the workplace, from home, another city, or even another country. In world practice, this concept is characterized by several main features: – the employee does not come to the employer's office to work; – uses digital tools (internet, email, online platforms) to perform work tasks; – often independently sets working hours or works on a flexible schedule. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), telework is defined as work in which the main part of a worker's work is performed outside the employer's workplace and with the help of information and communication technologies. In addition , the OECD report notes that telework has played an important role in ensuring business continuity, reducing health risks and maintaining a stable workforce during the pandemic. The concept of “remote work” is not fully developed in the national legislation of Uzbekistan, in particular, in the Labor Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. However, on the basis of temporary procedures and government 167 THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES International scientific-online conference resolutions introduced during the pandemic years, practical experience of this form of work has been formed. For example, IT companies, service organizations, higher educational institutions have begun to operate in a remote work format. In this regard, the concept of remote work in Uzbekistan is being formed not only in accordance with foreign definitions, but also in accordance with the conditions of the national labor market, the level of technological development and legal framework. There is also a difference between remote work and other forms of employment. While the traditional form of work involves the employee regularly coming to the office to work, remote work allows you to manage the work process from another location. In addition, the concepts of freelancing and remote work also differ: while freelancing is often a form of independent entrepreneurship, remote work represents a relationship between an employer and an employee based on an employment contract. The concept of remote work is emerging as a new opportunity for the workforce in today's digital economy and a means of increasing productivity for employers. Therefore, studying this concept with a theoretical basis is important for developing new strategies in the Uzbek labor market. Having defined the concept of remote work, it is important to understand its relevance in the modern economy, especially in the digital economy. Because remote work is seen not only as a result of technological opportunities, but also as a new phase of global economic trends. The global pandemic (COVID-19) has fundamentally changed the way businesses work around the world . In the digital economy, manufacturing, services , trade, and education sectors have been forced to adopt new ways of working. According to a World Bank report, during the pandemic, about 40 percent of the workforce in developed countries switched to remote work , while in developing countries this figure was 20-25 percent. The relevance of remote work is determined by the following aspects: – ensuring business continuity: allows work to continue in situations that hinder access to offices and production sites (e.g., quarantine, natural disasters). – Maintaining employee safety: In situations that pose a health risk, employees can continue to operate while staying at home. – Reducing employers' costs: office space, utility bills , and maintenance costs are reduced. – Globalization of the workforce: the workforce is recruited regardless of geographical boundaries, which allows employers to reach a wider market. 168 THEORETICAL ASPECTS