SAFETY RISKS AND MEASURES IN THE MAINTENANCE AND CLEANING OF SOLAR PANELS

Аннотация

The growing global demand for energy has led to increased adoption of renewable energy technologies, especially solar power systems, due to their sustainability and environmental benefits. However, the operation and maintenance of solar panels— particularly cleaning processes—introduce a variety of safety risks. This article examines these risks in detail, focusing on mechanical hazards, electrical dangers, and environmental factors involved in maintaining rooftop and building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. The paper highlights the importance of preventative maintenance, such as regular inspection for mechanical damage, electrical system checks, snow removal, and cleanliness of panels. Particular emphasis is placed on risks associated with working at heights, including falls, improper use of tools, and weather- related hazards such as slippery surfaces or high UV exposure. Furthermore, damage to equipment during cleaning or servicing is a critical concern that can reduce panel efficiency or lead to complete system failure. The study presents mitigation strategies, including personal protective equipment (PPE), system shutdown procedures, and specialized safety training. It advocates for integration of safety practices into standard building codes and emphasizes the necessity of updating regulations, such as SNIP 2.01.07-1996, to reflect current technologies. The paper concludes that systematic training, proper equipment handling, adherence to safety protocols, and regular maintenance scheduling are essential for reducing occupational hazards and prolonging the lifespan and performance of solar systems. Keywords: solar energy, renewable energy, maintenance safety, photovoltaic systems, electrical hazard, fall protection, building regulations, SNIP standards, rooftop work, environmental safety Introduction. The modern era demands an increasing amount of energy consumption, which continues to grow annually. As traditional fossil fuel resources like oil, coal, and gas face depletion and environmental criticism, renewable energy sources—particularly solar, wind, and geothermal—are becoming essential alternatives. Among them, solar energy is particularly suitable for regions with abundant sunlight. However, the integration of solar technologies into buildings must strictly comply with local construction and safety standards. The primary aim of this https://scientific-jl.com/new 11 99 33 Volume–78_Issue-1_June-2025 JOURNAL OF NEW CENTURY INNOVATIONS study is to analyze existing regulations, identify safety hazards, and develop recommendations for safe maintenance and cleaning of installed solar panels. Additionally, this research evaluates the structural impact on buildings and proposes engineering calculations to ensure load compliance during installation and servicing. Risks During Preventive Maintenance of Solar Panels Electric Shock: Solar panels generate electricity, and working with connected systems poses a serious risk of electrocution. Short Circuits and Fires: Improper handling of electrical components may result in short circuits, overheating, or fires. Mechanical Hazards. Falls from Height: Solar panels are commonly installed on rooftops or high platforms, increasing the risk of falling. Tool-Related Injuries: Mishandling tools can cause physical injuries during installation or cleaning. Climatic Hazards. Slippery Surfaces: Wet or icy roofs make movement dangerous. UV Exposure: Long-term exposure to sunlight can cause heatstroke or sunburn. Equipment Damage Risks. Mechanical Damage to Panels: Using inappropriate tools during cleaning may cause cracks or scratches. Seal or Coating Damage: Damaging the surface integrity may reduce efficiency or render the system inoperative. Risk Mitigation and Safety Measures. Electrical Safety. Always disconnect the system before beginning work. Use dielectric gloves, insulated tools, and anti-shock footwear. Fall Prevention. Use safety harnesses, guardrails, and anchor points. Limit access and mark zones near roof edges. Weather Precautions. Postpone work in rain, snow, or extreme heat. Wear UV- protective clothing, sunglasses, and schedule breaks in the shade. Panel Handling and Equipment Use. Use soft, non-abrasive materials for cleaning. Perform visual and technical inspections routinely. Training and Emergency Preparedness. Ensure workers are trained in electrical and height safety protocols. Conduct regular fire and emergency drills [2]. Regulatory Considerations. Based on the risks outlined, it is necessary to revise and expand national construction regulations, such as SNIP 2.01.07-1996 “Loads and Impacts,” which govern design parameters for building loads. Updated standards should address modern solar technology, including BIPV systems, their anchoring mechanisms, and the dynamic loads introduced by maintenance activities. Integrating maintenance procedures into building codes will enhance occupational safety and system longevity. Conclusion. Ensuring