A LINGUO-CULTURAL APPROACH TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF ARCHAISMS IN FRENCH AND UZBEK

Аннотация

Ushbu maqola fransuz va o‘zbek tillaridagi archaizmlarni lingvistik-madaniy nuqtai nazardan taqqoslashni taklif etadi. Archaizmlar, eski yoki foydalanishdan chiqib ketgan atamalar yoki iboralardir, va ular jamiyatlarning lingvistik va madaniy taraqqiyotini tushunish uchun qimmatli ma'lumotlar beradi. Ushbu maqola archaizmlarning shakli va foydalanishi bilan birga, har bir tilga xos madaniy kontekstda qanday farq qilishi haqida o‘rganadi. Archaizmlarni turli toifalarga tasniflash va ularning tarixiy va zamonaviy foydalanishlarini tahlil qilish orqali, ushbu tadqiqot til qanday qilib madaniy xotirani saqlab qolishini va fransuz hamda o‘zbek jamiyatlarining o‘ziga xos qadriyatlarini qanday aks ettirishini ko‘rsatishga qaratilgan. Bu ish lingvistlar, til tarixchilari va tilning evolyutsion va madaniy jihatlariga qiziqqan lingvomadaniy tadqiqotchilari uchun kattafoydabo‘ladi. Kalit so'zlar: Archaizmlar, lingvistika, tasniflash, lingvo-madaniy yondashuv, lingvistik taraqqiyot, madaniy xotira, lingvistik taqqoslash, leksik, tarixiy foydalanish, terminologiya, madaniy identitet, tilva madaniyat. Aннотация : Эта статья предлагает сравнительное исследование архаизмов во французском и узбекском языках с точки зрения лингвокультурной перспективы. Архаизмы, представляющие собой устаревшие термины или выражения, предоставляют ценное представление об эволюции языка и культуры обществ. Статья исследует, как архаизмы различаются не только по своей форме и употреблению, но и по культурному контексту, специфичному для каждого языка. Классифицируя архаизмы на различные категории и анализируя их историческое и современное использование, это исследование стремится показать, как язык сохраняет культурную память и отражает специфические ценности французского и узбекского обществ. Эта работа будет полезна для лингвистов, историков языка и исследователей в области интеркультурности, интересующихся эволюционными икультурными аспектами языка. Ключевые слова: архаизмы, лингвистика, классификация, лингвокультурный подход, лингвистическая эволюция, культурная память, лингвистическое сравнение, лексика, историческоеиспользование,терминология,культурная идентичность,языки культура. 291 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SJIF2019:5.2222020:5.5522021:5.6372022:5.4792023:6.5632024:7,805 eISSN:2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume12,issue05(2025) Introduction. The linguo-cultural approach is a scientific method that studies the link between language and culture. This approach considers language not only as a tool of communication but also as a system that expresses culture, its history, traditions, and values. This article highlights several key aspects of thisapproach. The link between language and culture: Like many others, this approach views each language as a reflection of its culture, customs, and values. Culture is transmitted through language, which in turn preserves cultural elements. For example: the French word “Noël” comes from the Latin “natalis”, meaning “birth.” It is more than just a holiday; it carries cultural traditions related to the birth of Jesus Christ and the way the French celebrate this occasion—through meals, songs, decorations, and more. In Uzbek, the term “Navruz” refers not only to the New Year but also evokes values ofrenewal, nature, and family, incorporating customs specificto Uzbek culture. Role of archaisms: Archaisms—words or expressions that have become obsolete but reflect cultural history—are studied through this approach. The analysis of archaisms allows us to better understand their historical roots and significance in today's context. For example, in French, the word “coquin”, used in the sense of “child” or “rascal,” is an archaism that evokes mischievous innocence and childhood traditions. In literature, authors like Victor Hugo used this term to describe characters from a specific time period. Social and cultural context: The linguo-cultural approach fully considers the social and cultural context when studying language. Changes and evolution in language are strongly influenced by culture, traditions, and social dynamics. For instance, the French term “savoir-faire” reflects the cultural importance of craftsmanship and expertise. It shows how language is shaped by sociocultural values. In Uzbek, the word “mehnat”, meaning “work,” embodies a work ethic that is highly valued in Uzbek culture, reflecting the importance ofindividualcontribution to communitywell-being. Historical and contemporary analysis: This approach incorporates both historical and contemporary contexts. The study of archaisms helps establish a connection between past and present. For example, French archaisms like “honnête homme”, describing an ideal of moral and ethical behavior, have become less common in modern language. Yet, the expression recalls a time when etiquette and morality were central to society. In Uzbek, expressions such as “beshik” (meaning “cradle”) evoke not only inf