The impact of breastfeeding on the development of allergic diseases in children

Аннотация

A study conducted from January 2024 to January 2025 at the Tashkent Medical Academy and the 44th Family Polyclinic aimed to assess the impact of COPYRIGHT © 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms breastfeeding on the risk of allergic diseases in children of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License. and the mechanisms of its protective effects. A total of 187 children aged 0 to 3 years participated in the study. The primary assessment method was a survey of mothers, along with an analysis of clinical data, including skin manifestations, respiratory symptoms, and food intolerance. Children with identified neurological disorders, congenital anomalies, and severe somatic diseases were excluded from the study. The results showed that breastfeeding for six months or more significantly reduces the risk of developing allergies (p<0.05). The prevalence of atopic dermatitis among breastfed children was 12.4%, whereas among formula-fed children, it reached 34.7%. A similar trend was observed for respiratory allergies: 9.8% in breastfed children versus 27.3% in formula-fed children. A correlation was found between the duration of breastfeeding and a reduction in skin allergies (r=-0.42, p<0.01) as well as food intolerance (r=-0.36, p<0.05). Additionally, children who were breastfed for more than 12 months had lower IgE levels (p<0.05), indicating a stronger immune defense.Conclusion. Breastfeeding, particularly for six months or longer, has a pronounced protective effect, reducing the risk of allergic diseases, including skin, respiratory, and food allergies. These findings confirm the importance of natural breastfeeding as an effective allergy prevention strategy in early childhood. The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 36 https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajmspr The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research Keywords: Breastfeeding, allergic diseases, survey, children was 10.6%, compared to 28.1% in non- immune protection. breastfed children. Respiratory allergic manifestations (such as bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis) were found in 8.3% of breastfed children and 22.7% of Introduction: The health of mothers and children, as formula-fed children. Food intolerance was observed in well as the improvement of pediatric care worldwide, 12.1% of breastfed children and in 31.8% of formula-fed remains a top priority in healthcare. It is recognized children. Data analysis indicated that children who were that maternal and child health indicators should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months had a used as criteria for assessing a society’s socio- significantly lower risk of developing allergic diseases economic development. A multifactorial approach is than those who received mixed or formula feeding crucial, focusing on proper nutrition, physical (p<0.05). The prevalence of atopic dermatitis among development, intellectual potential, and overall health exclusively breastfed children was 12.4%, while it was throughout life [1,2,5]. 34.7% among formula-fed children. The development of Breastfeeding is an integral part of the reproductive respiratory allergic symptoms (allergic rhinitis, bronchial cycle, a cornerstone of child survival, nutrition, and asthma) was observed in 9.8% of breastfed children and development, and a determinant of maternal health in in 27.3% of formula-fed children. It was found that the both the short and long term. It is also one of the duration of breastfeeding correlated with a lower fundamental components of neonatal care and quality frequency of skin allergy manifestations (r=-0.42, medical assistance[3,4]. Children who are exclusively p<0.01) and a reduction in cases of food intolerance (r=- breastfed for the first six months have lower rates of 0.36, p<0.05). Further analysis showed that children infectious and non-infectious diseases, lower mortality who were breastfed for more than 12 months had rates, and higher intelligence levels compared to those significantly lower serum IgE levels (p<0.05), confirming who receive breast milk for a shorter duration or not the protective effect of breastfeeding against at all. These health disparities persist throughout life sensitization. [6,7].