CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IMMUNE REACTION IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE PHENOTYPES

Аннотация

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a disease of the respiratory system that develops continuously and has an increasing mortality rate. The purpose of the study is to study the characteristics of the immune response in the clinical and functional phenotypes of COPD. Materials and methods. A prospective comparative study included 75 patients (mean age 54.3 ± 3.6 years) with stable COPD on the basis of voluntary patient consent. COPD diagnosis Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Global strategy for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD, 2021). was carried out according to the criteria. Among those examined, 25 patients with a mild course (COPD 1st), 31 – with a medium-severe course (COPD 2nd), and 19 – with a severe course (COPD 3rd). there were patients. The control group consisted of 20 healthy non-smoking volunteers (mean age 51.0±3.2). Results. Various types of immunity have been identified in the inflammatory response in patients with COPD. The analysis of the cytokine profile in the observation groups showed that in patients with a bronchitic phenotype (group 1) in 63% of cases, TNF was 2.3 times lower against the background of a 1.2-fold (p < 0.05) decrease in the level of IL-4 compared to the control group (p < 0.05) and IFN increased 2.5-fold (p < 0.05). An increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IFN and a decrease in the IFN/IL-17A ratio of IL-4 in some patients with COPD with a bronchitic phenotype indicate the activation of the inflammatory process in patients.