FEATURES OF THE STUDY OF PERINATAL LESIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN NEWBORNS

Аннотация

In the article are given date 60 newborns with gestation period from 28 to 41 weeks with hypoxic lesion of the CNS of the early period. At all stages of the study and observation of newborns conducted a collection of gynecological, obstetric anamnesis, studied the specifics of the course of pregnancy and childbirth. The early neonatal period was assessed by taking into account the data of gestational age, mass and length of the body at birth, the circumference of the head and stem cells, physiological destruction of the mass of the body, analyzed the state of recurrence of childbirth. The dynamics of the neuropsychological status of the examined children was assessed. Keywords: hypoxia, central nervous system, neonatal period, gestation period. Introduction. The neonatal period and the first year of a child's life are characterized by the most active period of brain maturation, and the action of such an aggressive factor as hypoxia on the developing brain of a child dictates the need for further study of this pathology [1,3,9]. Achievements of fundamental sciences https://scientific-jl.com/luch/ 2 0 4 Часть-42_ Том-1_ Апрель-2025 - pathomorphology, pathophysiology, biochemistry, methods of instrumental diagnostics and technologies for assisting newborn children have formed the basis for a serious change in the understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of perinatal pathology, algorithms for diagnostic search, therapy tactics and follow- up of newborns and young children [5,6,13,14]. The most significant changes in the statistical indicators of mortality and morbidity were noted among premature babies. The high frequency of severe concomitant perinatal pathology in this category of children led to an increase in childhood disability, in the structure of which the leading positions (21,2%) belong to the pathology of the nervous system and sensory organs Among the etiological factors that are most significant in the pathogenesis of perinatal cerebral injuries, the leading role belongs to hypoxia [2,4,8,10]. The issues of the features of the clinical, instrumental and laboratory course of hypoxic lesions of the central nervous system in newborns, depending on the gestational age, both in the acute period and in dynamics, as well as the further neuropsychic development of children, remain poorly studied and require additional scientific substantiation [7,11,12,15]. Purpose of the study: to establish the nature of clinical, instrumental and psychomotor changes in hypoxic lesions of the central nervous system in newborns with different gestational periods in the acute period and in dynamics. Materials and methods: under our supervision there were 60 newborns with a gestational age of 28 to 41 weeks with hypoxic damage to the central nervous system of the early period. The children were divided into 3 groups: group 1 of 20 newborns with HIE with gestational age 28-31 weeks, group 2 of 20 newborns with HIE with gestational age 32-37 weeks, and group 3 of 20 newborns with HIE and gestational age 38-41 weeks. The control group consisted of 20 healthy full-term newborns. The examination of children was carried out on the basis of the department https://scientific-jl.com/luch/ 2 0 5 Часть-42_ Том-1_ Апрель-2025 of pathology of newborns of the regional children's multidisciplinary medical center from 2020 to 2021. At all stages of the study and observation of newborns, a gynecological and obstetric anamnesis was collected, the features of the course of pregnancy and childbirth were studied. The early neonatal period was assessed taking into account data on gestational age, birth weight and length, head and chest circumference, physiological loss of body weight, the state of the child at birth according to the Apgar scale, the presence of resuscitation measures, and the type of feeding were analyzed. In dynamics, the neuropsychic status of the examined children was assessed. The study of the neuropsychic status was carried out by the method of quantitative assessment of motor, speech and mental functions according to L.T. Zhurba. The criteria for including children in the control group were: 1. The gestation period of newborns is 38 - 40 weeks, with an Apgar score of 8-10 points, the conformity of the physical development of the newborn to the gestational age; 2. Physiological course of pregnancy in the mother without exacerbation of chronic foci of infection, clinical and laboratory signs of the course of the infectious process (syphilis, toxoplasmosis, CMVI, herpes, chlamydia, etc.); 3. Absence of genetic pathology in a child (Down syndrome, Pattau, etc.); 4. Absence of congenital malformations of the central nervous system (microcephaly, congenital hydrocephalus, etc.) in the newborn according to the data of clinical examination and instrumental methods of research; 5. Absence of clinical and laboratory signs of TORCH syndrome in newborns and children of the first half of life; The examination of children was carried