JADIDIST MOVEMENT AND JADID PROTESTERS IN TURKESTAN

Аннотация

The Jadid movement is a socio-political and cultural movement that emerged in Turkestan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was promoted by reformist intellectuals. The Jadids aimed to raise the education and culture of the peoples of Turkestan, establish new schools of thought, develop a national press, and implement social reforms. Among them are such prominent figures as Mahmudkhodja Behbudiy, Abdurauf Fitrat, Munavvarqori Abdurashidkhanov, and Abdulla Avloniy, whose activities played a significant role in awakening public consciousness. This movement is historically significant for its fight against colonialism, national revival, and promotion of the ideas of enlightenment. Keywords: Jadidism, Turkestan, enlightenment, new method schools, national revival, Mahmudkhodja Behbudiy, Abdurauf Fitrat, Munavvarqori, Abdulla Avloniy, national press, reform, colonialism. The Jadid movement in Turkestan took shape in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and played an important role in the country's development and national revival. The Jadids set themselves the goal of leading society towards progress through enlightenment and science, fighting colonial oppression, and promoting the growth of the people's political and cultural consciousness. Representatives of this movement, including Mahmudkhodja Behbudiy, Abdurauf Fitrat, Munavvarqori Abdurashidkhanov, and Abdulla Avloniy, selflessly served to establish new schools of thought, develop the national press, and awaken the people through theater and literature. As a result of their activities, https://scientific-jl.com/luch/ 1 5 3 Часть-40_ Том-2_ Март-2025 a sense of national identity has been strengthened among the peoples of Turkestan, and interest in modern knowledge and technologies has increased. This study analyzes the reasons for the emergence of the Jadid movement, its main ideas, and the activities of its representatives. The impact of this movement on Turkestan society and its role in national awakening will also be highlighted. Major figures of the Turkestan Jadid movement By the beginning of the 20th century, dozens of Jadid-style schools had opened in Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, and the cities of the Fergana Valley. The Jadids educated and enlightened young people in schools and, through them, promoted the ideas of national statehood to establish an independent state in Turkestan. By the beginning of the 20th century, a whole generation of new intellectuals emerged in Turkestan, representatives of which made a great contribution to the development of the spiritual and educational sphere of the country and the development of national culture. These were Mahmudkhodja Behbudiy, Abdukadir Shakuriy, Said Ahmad Siddiqiy Ajziy in Samarkand, Munavvarqori Abdurashidkhanov, Abdulla Avloniy, Ubaydullahkhodja Asadullahkhodjayev in Tashkent, Abdurauf Fitrat, Sadriddin Ayniy, Fayzulla Khojayev in Bukhara, Hamza Hakimzoda Niyozi, Obidjon Mahmudov, Abdulhamid Chulpon, Is'hoqkhon Ibrat in the Fergana Valley, Bobookhun Salimov in Khiva, Polvonniyoz hoji Yusupov and others. They are patriots, enlighteners, and are considered the founders and leaders of the Jadid movement in Turkestan. Mahmudkhodja Behbudiy (1875–1919), recognized as the "father of the Central Asian Jadids", played a significant role in unifying the Jadids of Turkestan. He was born on January 19, 1875, in the village of Bakhshitepa, near Samarkand. He studied first in Samarkand and then in Bukhara madrasahs, rising to the rank of imam-khatib, qazi, and then mufti. Behbudi was the founder and leader of the https://scientific-jl.com/luch/ 1 5 4 Часть-40_ Том-2_ Март-2025 Central Asian Jadid movement. He is considered a person who made a great contribution to the development of the Enlightenment movement in Turkestan. At Behbudi's initiative, a library was established, named the "Behbudi Library" in honor of his father. Figure 1 M. Behbudiy Munavvarqori Abdurashidkhanov (1878–1931) was an enlightened political figure who fought for freedom and the future of the nation in Turkestan, and one of the major representatives of the Jadid movement. Since 1904, he has been an active participant in socio-political and educational movements in the country. He was an initiator and practitioner of the opening of Jadid schools, the founder and editor of national newspapers and magazines, and a promoter of Jadid theater. Munavvarqori created textbooks for schools such as ``Adibi avval'', ``Adibi soniy'', and ``Yer yuzi''. Figure 2 Munavvarqori https://scientific-jl.com/luch/ 1 5 5 Часть-40_ Том-2_ Март-2025 Abdulla Avloni, one of the active participants in the reform movement, which initially had a cultural and educational character, and later acquired a political and social character, was born in Tashkent in 1878 into a family of craftsmen. He was educated at school and madrasah, becoming an enlightened and deeply knowledgeable figure of his time. Abdulla Avloni made a significant contribution to the devel