FEATURES OF BACK PAIN IN THE ELDERLY (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Аннотация

This article provides a review of the features of back pain in elderly patients. The high prevalence (60–85%) and heterogeneity of dorsalgia are analyzed, including gender, geographical, and social factors. Key pathogenetic mechanisms are examined: degenerative changes in the spine, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, proprioceptive disorders, neuropathic/nociplastic components of pain, and the impact of comorbidities. Clinical features are described: polymorphism of pain, association with locomotor syndrome, cognitive impairments, and diagnostic challenges. An integrative approach to diagnosis (clinical, instrumental, and laboratory methods) is justified. Principles of therapy are systematized: safe pharmacotherapy, non-pharmacological methods, sanatorium-resort treatment, and strictly selected surgical interventions. The influence of comorbidities on treatment effectiveness is emphasized. Key challenges and prospects (personalization, telemedicine, psychosocial interventions) are identified. The work highlights the need for an interdisciplinary strategy to assist elderly patients with dorsalgia.