FUNCTIONAL HYPOTHALAMIC AMENORRHEA: CURRENT INSIGHTS INTO PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS, AND THERAPY

Аннотация

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is a common cause of secondary amenorrhea in women of reproductive age, resulting from suppression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion due to stress, energy deficiency, and psychosocial factors. This review summarizes current concepts of FHA pathogenesis, emphasizing the central role of kisspeptin and metabolic hormones in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis regulation. Clinical manifestations, diagnostic principles, and modern therapeutic strategies are discussed. Particular attention is paid to multidisciplinary approaches aimed at restoring energy balance, reducing stress, and implementing cognitive-behavioral therapy. Emerging treatments, including kisspeptin receptor agonists and leptin-based interventions, show promise for restoring ovulatory function and reproductive health.