COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE AND TRADITIONAL BILIARY DECOMPRESSION METHODS IN THE COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT OF BENIGN MECHANICAL JAUNDICE

Аннотация

Benign mechanical jaundice is a serious medical problem requiring a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment. This study analyzed the treatment results of 424 patients with benign mechanical jaundice from 2015 to 2024. The main group consisted of 296 patients who underwent a differentiated approach using staged treatment methods and prioritizing minimally invasive technologies. The comparison group consisted of 128 patients receiving traditional treatment. The study showed that the use of a comprehensive diagnostic algorithm, including modern non-invasive imaging methods combined with invasive puncture and endoscopic techniques, allowed for decompression of the bile ducts in 73.64% of patients in the main group. Doppler studies revealed a significant decrease in maximum portal vein blood flow velocity in class B and C mechanical jaundice. The use of differentiated surgical tactics employing pathogenetically justified minimally invasive decompressive interventions contributed to a decrease in the frequency of postoperative complications from 26.6% to 19.5% and mortality from 6.5% to 4.05%. The research results demonstrate the effectiveness of minimally invasive technologies in the complex treatment of patients with benign mechanical jaundice.