ENDOTHELIAL AND NEURONAL MARKERS IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND PREDICTION OF PREECLAMPSIA

Аннотация

Preeclampsia (PE) remains one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The key mechanism of its pathogenesis is endothelial dysfunction associated with an imbalance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. The most studied markers include sFlt-1, PlGF, VEGF, and endothelin-1, whose alterations reflect the degree of vascular impairment. Particular attention is given to the neurological complications of PE, including eclampsia, stroke, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, cognitive and psycho-emotional disorders. Their development is associated with disruption of the blood-brain barrier, vasospasm, and neuronal damage. In recent years, neuronal biomarkers such as GFAP and NfL have been investigated, allowing the detection of glial and axonal injury. A comprehensive assessment of endothelial and neuronal markers opens new perspectives for early diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized management of patients with PE.