THE MAIN ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF CONGENITAL SENSONEURAL HEARING IMPAIRMENT IN CHILDREN

Аннотация

The article highlights the main etiological factors of congenital sensorineural hearing loss in children and its diagnostic significance in modern otorhinolaryngology. Sensorineural hearing loss at an early age creates serious obstacles in speech and intellectual development, as well as negatively affects the child’s social integration. Based on the analysis of literature and clinical data, hereditary and congenital forms of hearing loss, infectious factors, chromosomal syndromes, perinatal pathological conditions, and environmental influences were examined. In addition, early diagnostic methods of sensorineural hearing loss — audiological screening, genetic testing, and instrumental examinations — and their importance were discussed. The results of this study have practical value for prevention, early detection, and the development of effective rehabilitation programs for children with hearing impairment.