THE IMPACT OF PREVIOUS INFECTIONS AND ANDROLOGICAL PATHOLOGY ON MALE FERTILITY: A NEUROLOGICAL APPROACH TO ANALYSIS

Аннотация

Male infertility is a multifaceted problem that can be caused by various etiopathogenetic factors. Among the most significant causes of infertility are infections and andrological diseases. Infectious diseases of the reproductive system can have a serious impact on male reproductive function. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and viral infections (e.g., HIV) can lead to inflammatory processes in the reproductive organs. Inflammation may affect the testes, epididymis, and prostate, which in turn can cause disturbances in sperm production and quality. Chronic inflammatory processes may lead to the formation of scar tissue, hindering the normal flow of seminal fluid and potentially causing obstruction of the vas deferens. Andrological diseases also play a key role in the development of male infertility. One common condition is varicocele—enlargement of the veins in the spermatic cord—which can lead to increased temperature in the testicular area and disrupt spermatogenesis. Other andrological issues include hormonal disorders such as hypogonadism, which results in decreased testosterone levels and impaired testicular function. Developmental anomalies of the reproductive organs, such as cryptorchidism (undescended testicle), can also be a cause of infertility.