RATIONAL THINKING: ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF ISLAMIC TRADITION AND SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES

Аннотация

Reason has always occupied a central place in the history of human thought. The criterion of reason has been an important methodological tool in the development of any scientific approach, analysis of social systems and religious views. In particular, in Islamic thought, the approach based on reason – rationalism – is deeply rooted in the Koran, the Hadith and the views of thinkers. This article explores the concept of rationalism in Islamic thought and its reflection in sociological reasoning. Examples of rational thinking from the lives of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), Abu Nasr al-Farabi and Ibn Khaldun are analyzed. Furthermore, Max Weber’s theory of goal-oriented rational action is used to draw parallels between hadiths and modern social reasoning.