INFLUENCE OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA ON BRAIN FUNCTION AND NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS

Аннотация

The gut microbiota has a significant impact on the functioning of the central nervous system, participating in the regulation of neuroinflammation, neurotransmission, neuroendocrine activity, and metabolism. Disruption of microbial homeostasis (dysbiosis) is associated with the development of various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, depression, and anxiety disorders. A central element in this interaction is the “gut–brain axis,” which integrates immune, neuroendocrine, and metabolic pathways for signal transmission between the gut and the brain. Modern therapeutic approaches — such as probiotics, prebiotics, dietary interventions, and fecal microbiota transplantation — are being considered as promising strategies for microbiota modulation aimed at correcting neurological dysfunctions. In-depth study of these mechanisms opens up new opportunities for developing personalized approaches to the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.