“BADAYIʼ AL-BIDAYA” BY ʼALI SHĪR NAVĀʼĪ – THE FIRST WORTHY TURKIC RESPONSE TO THE PERSIAN CLASSICAL TRADITION OF DIVANS

Аннотация

The appearance of the first divan of ʼAli Shīr Navāʼī (1441-1501) under the title Badāyiʼ al-bidāya was a special event in the history of Turkic literature, because it embodied the birth of a new structural composition of Turkic divan composition. Badāyiʼ al-bidāya contains samples of Navoiʼs adolescent and youthful lyrics, being his early divan, collected by his own hand and, according to the author himself, which became the fruit of his close attention. The beginning of this divan with a ghazal containing the verse ʼAšraqat min aksi šamsi-l-kaʼsi anvāru-l-hudāʼ, which is of great philosophical significance, and the presence of the verse ʼKetür saqïy, ul may-ki, ṣubḥi alastʼ as an independent work, are the perfect theme for the divan he found. In the history of the Turkic divan, the tradition of producing an appendix in the form of an introduction begins precisely with ʼBadaiʼ al-bidayaʼ. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the contents of the new sacred sources of ʼBadaiʼ al-bidayaʼ with its earlier versions, certain conclusions can be drawn about the composition of this divan. Many works have been written about the ʼBadaiʼ al-bidayahʼ and its written sources. In this article, the divan ʼBadaiʼ al-Bidayaʼ is studied as a unique phenomenon of Turkic literature in comparison with other divans created in parallel.