PROTECTION OF MINORS: TYPES OF CRIMES AND LIABILITY

Аннотация

The article analyzes national and international legal mechanisms for protecting children's rights. The study of crimes committed against minors from a legal and criminological perspective holds significant scientific and practical importance for modern society. Such crimes not only severely infringe on the personal rights of child victims but also negatively impact their physical, mental, and moral development. This scientific article provides a detailed analysis of the types of crimes against minors and examines the development of effective countermeasures based on their classification by the degree of social danger and legal attributes. The theoretical and practical foundations of classifying crimes based on their content, the victim’s age, the perpetrator's social profile, and the objective aspect of the crime were studied using the provisions of the current Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The state of the national legal system was compared with international standards, including the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocols, and other international instruments. Legal solutions were proposed to ensure the alignment of national legislation with international obligations in protecting children's rights. The article also emphasizes the critical role of crime classification in determining their social danger, planning legal measures, and imposing penalties. The necessity of improving preventive measures against crimes such as violence, exploitation, sexual abuse, and psychological pressure on children is highlighted. This includes establishing social and psychological assistance centers, developing risk assessment programs, and strategies aimed at raising public awareness and educational initiatives. The study concludes that classifying crimes against minors not only improves legal practice but also creates an effective mechanism for ensuring public safety and protecting the rights of victims. The work is enriched with relevant recommendations aimed at strengthening the legal protection of minors. The article examines the types of crimes against minors and explores legal and criminological approaches to their study. The classification of crimes is viewed as a key factor in developing effective countermeasures and improving crime prevention mechanisms.